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CAV-1 infection occurs by inhalation and ingestion, after shedding in the urine, faecs or respiratory secretions. Transmission my be by direct contact, or by indirect contact and fomites such as handlers or infected surfaces. Following infection, the virus initially replicates in the tonsils and Peyer's patches. A viraemia is produced, and CAV-1 secondarily localises and replicates in the liver and kidneys.
CAV-1 infection occurs by inhalation and ingestion, after shedding in the urine, faecs or respiratory secretions. Transmission my be by direct contact, or by indirect contact and fomites such as handlers or infected surfaces. Following infection, the virus initially replicates in the tonsils and Peyer's patches. A viraemia is produced, and CAV-1 secondarily localises and replicates in the liver and kidneys.
==Disease==
==Clinical Features==
Although there is evidence for a high incidence of infection among the non-vaccinated canine population, this is not matched by a similar occurance of clinically detectable infectious hepatitis since many infections are subclinica. The virus has also been show to be involved in several other types of disease. These include encephalopathy <sup>4</sup>, ocular lesions, neonatal disease<sup>5</sup>, chronic hepatitis<sup>6,/sup>, and interstitial nephritis<sup>7</sup>. The virus can be isolated from throat swabs or lungs fro some dogs with respiratory disease, and CAV-1 is of importance in [[Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis]].
In [[Infectious Canine Hepatitis]], clinical signs typically include depression, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and discharges from the nose and eyes. Coagulopathies may also develop.
==Pathology==
Infection with canine adenovirus 1 most typically causes a mild bronchointerstitial pneumonia, although a necrotising bronchiolitis may occur in immunocompromised dogs. This is seen histologcally as necrosis of the bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium, pulmonary oedema and hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes.
*Can be associated with [[Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis|kennel cough]] described ab
*Can be associated with [[Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis|kennel cough]] described ab
The principal tissue changes involve the endothelium and hepatic cells. Damaged endothelium results in widespread petechial hemorrhages. The liver may be enlarged or normal in size, but usually is mottled because of focal areas of necrosis.
The principal tissue changes involve the endothelium and hepatic cells. Damaged endothelium results in widespread petechial hemorrhages. The liver may be enlarged or normal in size, but usually is mottled because of focal areas of necrosis.