Line 13: |
Line 13: |
| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
| ==Prognosis== | | ==Prognosis== |
− | ====Antigenicity====
| |
− | *Isolates vary in virulence
| |
− | *Some antigenic variation
| |
− | *Best defined by monoclonal antibodies, but no serotypes
| |
− |
| |
− | ====Hosts====
| |
− | *Pigs
| |
− | *Wild boar
| |
− |
| |
− | ====Pathogenesis====
| |
− | *Virus enters oropharynx and replicates in palatine tonsil
| |
− | *Viremia 2-6 days post-infection
| |
− | Two types of strain:
| |
− | #Low Virulence:
| |
− | #*Transplacental transmission causes abortion, cerebellar hypoplasia, or growth retardation
| |
− | #*If piglets are born, they are carriers
| |
− | #High Virulence:
| |
− | #*Leukopenia
| |
− | #*Thrombocytopenia
| |
− | #*Generalized '''vasculitis'''
| |
− | #*'''Hemorrhage''' of lymph nodes, spleen, bladder, larynx, and skin
| |
− | #*Vasculitis in CNS causes tremors, incoordination and convulsions
| |
− | Chronic disease:
| |
− | *Infarction causes '''button ulcers''' over Peyer's Patches
| |
− |
| |
− | ====Epidemiology====
| |
− | *Recovered animals are immune
| |
− | *'''Highly contagious'''
| |
− | *Transfer via '''contact''', '''aerosol''', or '''fomites'''
| |
− | *Swine fever was once endemic worldwide but has now been '''eradicated''' from UK, Australia, NZ, USA, and Denmark following vaccination schemes
| |
− |
| |
− | ====Diagnosis====
| |
− | *'''Immunofluorescence''' of tissues for virus isolation
| |
− | *DD: Porcine circovirus 2, African swine fever, or bacterial septicemia
| |
− |
| |
− | ====Control====
| |
− | *'''NOTIFIABLE''' disease
| |
− | *'''Vaccination''' (live attenuated) in endemic countries:
| |
− | **Parts of EU are using vaccinated bait to control spread in wild boar population
| |
− | **Vaccination does not curtail spread: marker vaccine needed to distinguish virus exposure from vaccine-induced antibody
| |
− |
| |
− |
| |
− | * ''Pestivirus'' invades vascular endothelium and macrophages
| |
− | ** Leads to infarcted lesions
| |
− | ** In spleen
| |
− | ** "Button ulcers" in colon and caecum.
| |
− | *** Ulcers are seen as discrete circular areas of haemorrhage and necrosis with dry, yellow centres
| |
| | | |
| [[Category:Pestiviruses]][[Category:Pig]] | | [[Category:Pestiviruses]][[Category:Pig]] |
| [[Category:Enteritis,_Viral]][[Category:Enteritis,_Ulcerative]] | | [[Category:Enteritis,_Viral]][[Category:Enteritis,_Ulcerative]] |
| [[Category:To_Do_-_Lizzie]] | | [[Category:To_Do_-_Lizzie]] |