Changes

Fair in cases that are rapidly treated but poor in foals with evidence of hypovolaemia and septic shock.  Surgical cases also carry a poorer prognosis than cases which are resolved medically.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>  In a recent study, long term survival of 25 affected horses was 33%.<ref name="Cribb">Cribb, N.C, Cote, N.M, Boure, L.P, Peregrine, A.S (2006) Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with ''Parascaris equorum'' infection in young horses: 25 cases (9185-2004).  ''N Z Vet J'', 54:338-343.  In: Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>:  Failure to relieve the impaction may lead to intestinal rupture.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>

Fair in cases that are rapidly treated but poor in foals with evidence of hypovolaemia and septic shock.  Surgical cases also carry a poorer prognosis than cases which are resolved medically.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>  In a recent study, long term survival of 25 affected horses was 33%.<ref name="Cribb">Cribb, N.C, Cote, N.M, Boure, L.P, Peregrine, A.S (2006) Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with ''Parascaris equorum'' infection in young horses: 25 cases (9185-2004).  ''N Z Vet J'', 54:338-343.  In: Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>:  Failure to relieve the impaction may lead to intestinal rupture.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>

==Prevention==

==Prevention==

*Regular worming programme until at least 15 months of age that prevents a build-up of large ascarid burdens in the foal:

*Regular worming programme until at least 15 months of age that prevents a build-up of large ascarid burdens in the foal:

**Macrocyclic lactones (Ivermectin in Equimax or Eqvalan) 0.2mg/kg at 60 day intervals (NB: NOT the drug of choice because resistance is widespread)

**Macrocyclic lactones (Ivermectin in Equimax® or Eqvalan®) 0.2mg/kg at 60 day intervals (NB: NOT the drug of choice because resistance is widespread)

**Tetrahydropyrimidines (Pyrantel pamoate in Strongid) 6.6mg/kg PO at 56 day intervals

**Tetrahydropyrimidines (Pyrantel pamoate in Strongid®) 6.6mg/kg PO at 56 day intervals

**Benzimidazoles (Fenbendazole in Panacur) 10mg/kg PO at 56 day intervals

**Benzimidazoles (Fenbendazole in Panacur®) 10mg/kg PO at 56 day intervals

*For foals that have not been on a controlled programme or if a large burden is suspected:

*For foals that have not been on a controlled programme or if a large burden is suspected:

**Fenbendazole at 5mg/kg PO (lower dose with only 50% efficacy against ''Parasacaris'')

**Fenbendazole at 5mg/kg PO (lower dose with only 50% efficacy against ''Parasacaris'')

*Thorough cleaning of stables that have been occupied by foals or weanlings

*Thorough cleaning of stables that have been occupied by foals or weanlings

*Bathe mare and clean udder before arrival at foaling premises to remove any ascarid eggs on the coat

*Bathe mare and clean udder before arrival at foaling premises to remove any ascarid eggs on the coat

==References==

==References==