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Fair in cases that are rapidly treated but poor in foals with evidence of hypovolaemia and septic shock. Surgical cases also carry a poorer prognosis than cases which are resolved medically.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref> In a recent study, long term survival of 25 affected horses was 33%.<ref name="Cribb">Cribb, N.C, Cote, N.M, Boure, L.P, Peregrine, A.S (2006) Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with ''Parascaris equorum'' infection in young horses: 25 cases (9185-2004). ''N Z Vet J'', 54:338-343. In: Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>: Failure to relieve the impaction may lead to intestinal rupture.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>
Fair in cases that are rapidly treated but poor in foals with evidence of hypovolaemia and septic shock. Surgical cases also carry a poorer prognosis than cases which are resolved medically.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref> In a recent study, long term survival of 25 affected horses was 33%.<ref name="Cribb">Cribb, N.C, Cote, N.M, Boure, L.P, Peregrine, A.S (2006) Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with ''Parascaris equorum'' infection in young horses: 25 cases (9185-2004). ''N Z Vet J'', 54:338-343. In: Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>: Failure to relieve the impaction may lead to intestinal rupture.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>
==Prevention==
==Prevention==
===Anthelmintics===
===Anthelmintics===
Ensure a regular worming programme that prevents a build-up of large ascarid burdens in the foal:
Ensure a regular worming programme that prevents a build-up of large ascarid burdens in the foal:
*'''[[Benzimidazoles]]''' such '''fenbendazole'''
*'''[[Benzimidazoles]]''' such '''fenbendazole'''
**'''Panacur Equine Oral Paste:''' 10mg/kg PO. It is recommended that horses and ponies are routinely wormed with a single dose of this product every 6 to 8 weeks. It is recommended that horses are administered the 5-day Panacur treatment in the Autumn (ideally late October/November) and again in the Spring (ideally in February) to cover for encysted small redworms. All new horses whose worming history is unknown should also be administered the 5-day Panacur treatment. Pregnant mares and young foals may also be safely treated with Panacur at the recommended dosage levels. Not to be used in horses intended for human consumption. For foals that have not been on a controlled programme or if a large burden is suspected it has been suggested that fenbendazole be given at a lower dose of 5mg/kg PO (only 50% efficacy against ''Parasacaris''), followed one week later by a full dose at 10mg/kg PO. This may avoid ascarid impaction.
**'''Panacur Equine Oral Paste:''' 10mg/kg PO. It is recommended that horses and ponies are routinely wormed with a single dose of this product every 6 to 8 weeks. It is recommended that horses are administered the 5-day Panacur treatment in the Autumn (ideally late October/November) and again in the Spring (ideally in February) to cover for encysted small redworms. All new horses whose worming history is unknown should also be administered the 5-day Panacur treatment. Pregnant mares and young foals may also be safely treated with Panacur at the recommended dosage levels. Not to be used in horses intended for human consumption. For foals that have not been on a controlled programme or if a large burden is suspected it has been suggested that fenbendazole be given at a lower dose of 5mg/kg PO (only 50% efficacy against ''Parasacaris''), followed one week later by a full dose at 10mg/kg PO. This may avoid ascarid impaction.
===Management===
===Management===
*Clean pasture management should be encouraged including the regular removal of faeces
*Clean pasture management should be encouraged including the regular removal of faeces
*Stables that have been occupied by foals or weanlings should be thoroughly cleaned
*Stables that have been occupied by foals or weanlings should be thoroughly cleaned
*Mares should be bathed and their udders washed before arrival at foaling premises to remove any sticky ascarid eggs on the coat.
*Mares should be bathed and their udders washed before arrival at foaling premises to remove any sticky ascarid eggs on the coat.
===Avoiding [[Anthelmintic Resistance]]===
===Avoiding [[Anthelmintic Resistance]]===
Care should be taken to avoid the following practices because they increase the risk of development of resistance and could ultimately result in ineffective therapy:
Care should be taken to avoid the following practices because they increase the risk of development of resistance and could ultimately result in ineffective therapy:
*Too frequent and repeated use of anthelmintics from the same class, over an extended period of time.
*Too frequent and repeated use of anthelmintics from the same class, over an extended period of time.
*Regular faecal worm egg counts should be conducted to monitor the effects of the anthelmintic schedule and the presence of resistance
*Regular faecal worm egg counts should be conducted to monitor the effects of the anthelmintic schedule and the presence of resistance
*The worming programme for adult horses should reflect the circumstances and efficiency of clean pasture management. A strategic or '''targeted startegic dosing''' plan is recommended.
*The worming programme for adult horses should reflect the circumstances and efficiency of clean pasture management. A strategic or '''targeted startegic dosing''' plan is recommended.
==References==
==References==