Changes

==Prevalence==

==Prevalence==

Most common in the southeastern USA, Germany, and The Netherlands.(Merck)

Most common in the southeastern USA, Germany, and The Netherlands.(Merck)

==Aetiology==

==Aetiology==

In the southeastern United States, feeding of sub-optimal coastal Bermuda hay has been implicated as a risk factor.  It is thought this forage contains a high amoutn of thin fibres which are prematurely swallowed.  Sudden feed changes may als be a risk (38).  In the UK, tapeworm infection is an important risk factor.  Data suggests that more than 80% of ileal impactions were associated with serological or faecal evidence of tapeworm infection(39).

In the southeastern United States, feeding of sub-optimal Coastal Bermuda hay and lack of administration of the anthelmintic pyrantel pamoate have been implicated as a risk factors.  It is thought this forage contains a high amount of thin fibres which are prematurely swallowed.  Sudden feed changes may also be a risk (38).  In the UK, infection with the tapeworm ''Anoplocephala perfoliata'' is an important risk factor.  Data suggests that more than 80% of ileal impactions were associated with serological or faecal evidence of tapeworm infection(39).  Impaction may also develop secondary to spastic contractions of the ileal musculature against ingesta.

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==