Changes

The history and clinical signs of affected animals are important in order to differentiate whether the condition is primary or secondary.  In the case of primary photosensitisation there is often a history of exposure to plants containing photodynamic agents. Alternatively, there may be a history of administration of drugs such as phenothiazines, sulphonamides or tetracyclines or exposure to mycotoxins such as blue-green algae. Signs of liver disease are usually absent.

The history and clinical signs of affected animals are important in order to differentiate whether the condition is primary or secondary.  In the case of primary photosensitisation there is often a history of exposure to plants containing photodynamic agents. Alternatively, there may be a history of administration of drugs such as phenothiazines, sulphonamides or tetracyclines or exposure to mycotoxins such as blue-green algae. Signs of liver disease are usually absent.

In animals affected by secondary photosensitisation the classic skin lesions of the condition are often generalised rather than localised, and are accompanied by the signs of liver disease listed above. Serum biochemistry often reveals increased liver enzymes (ALP, GGT, SDH and ALT) but bilirubin and bile acid concentrations are usually normal. Ultrasonography may be useful in evaluating the hepatic structure and identifying pathological changes indicative of secondary disase. Definitive diagnosis may be obtained by liver biopsy. In the case of pyrollizidine alkaloid toxicity, histological evaluation may reveal megalocytosis, biliary hyperplasia and fibrosis.  

In animals affected by secondary photosensitisation the classic skin lesions of the condition are often generalised rather than localised, and are accompanied by the signs of liver disease listed above. Serum biochemistry often reveals increased liver enzymes (ALP, GGT, SDH and ALT) but bilirubin and bile acid concentrations are usually normal. Ultrasonography may provide additional diagnostic information.

 

Definitive diagnosis may be obtained by liver biopsy. In the case of pyrollizidine alkaloid toxicity, histological evaluation may reveal megalocytosis, biliary hyperplasia and fibrosis.  

==Treatment==

==Treatment==