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| | + | ''NB:Be aware of age-related changes regarding the spleen'' |
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| − | ''NB:Be aware of age-related changes regarding the spleen''
| + | Splenic Lesions |
| − | ==Splenic Lesions==
| |
| | *splenomegaly is the main clinical finding associated with the spleen in disease | | *splenomegaly is the main clinical finding associated with the spleen in disease |
| − | ===Splenitis===
| + | |
| − | ===Anthrax===
| + | Splenitis |
| − | ===Torsion===
| + | |
| − | ===Haemolytic Anaemia===
| + | [[Anthrax]] |
| − | ===Chronic Venous Congestion===
| + | |
| | + | [[Splenic Torsion]] |
| | + | |
| | + | [[Haemolytic Anaemia]] |
| | + | |
| | + | Chronic Venous Congestion |
| | *this may be seen along with chronic venous congestion of the liver in cases of chronic cardiac failure | | *this may be seen along with chronic venous congestion of the liver in cases of chronic cardiac failure |
| − | ===Barbituates===
| + | |
| | + | Barbituates |
| | * administration of barbituates can produce a degree of splenomegaly due to splenic engorgement by erythrocytes | | * administration of barbituates can produce a degree of splenomegaly due to splenic engorgement by erythrocytes |
| − | ===Splenic Tumours===
| + | |
| − | *these are important surgically since splenomegaly can be diagnoses clinically by palpation or X-ray and some are surgically curable
| + | [[Splenic Neoplasia]] |
| − | ====Hyperplastic Nodules or Benign Lymphoma====
| + | |
| − | *very common incidental findings in older dogs
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| − | *should not be mistakenly identified as pathognomic lesions
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| − | *consist of nodules of hyperplastic white and red pulp
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| − | :- usually 1-2 cms in size, but occasionally may be larger
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| − | :- spherical
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| − | :- protrude hemispherically from the surface as yellow and red mottled nodules
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| − | *infrequently, may rupture and give rise to haemorrhage
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| − | ====Haemangioma====
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| − | *benign tumour of dogs
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| − | *may grow to considerable size
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| − | :- the size of the lesion giving rise to clinical signs is compounded by haemorrhage from and into the tumour
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| − | :- thus, a large mass of apple size may be found protruding from the spleen and adherent to the omentum
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| − | *on section, it is largely blood clot
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| − | *responds well to surgery
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| − | :- therefore it must be distinguished from haemangiosarcoma
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| − | ====Haemangiosarcoma====
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| − | *highly malignant tumour of dogs
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| − | *distinguished from the superficially similar haemangioma by the presence of much more formed, solid tumour tissue
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| − | *accurate prognosis demands histological examination
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| − | *secondaries are common locally in the [[Peritoneal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology#Omentum|omentum]] and in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
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| − | :- course is usually short, often only a month or two
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| − | :- metastases may occur in almost every organ
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| − | ====Haematopoietic Neoplasms====
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| − | =====lymphosarcoma=====
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| − | * splenomegaly occurs in multicentric lymphosarcoma
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| − | *splenic enlargement may be marked if any form of lymphosarcoma is in leukaemic phase
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| − | =====myeloid (granulocytic) leukaemia=====
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| − | *rare
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| − | *all species
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| − | *extreme form with spleen approaching liver size
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| − | =====systemic mastocytosis=====
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| − | *cat
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| − | *extreme form with spleen approaching liver size
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| | ===Infarction=== | | ===Infarction=== |
| | ===Rupture=== | | ===Rupture=== |