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==Description==
==Description==
*Caused by a [[Paramyxoviridae#Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)|morbillivirus]]
*[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|Rhinitis]]
*Although many organs can be affected by CDV, a relatively constant feature is the respiratory signs which occur in varying severity
*A syndrome of catharral oculonasal discharge, [[Nasopharynx Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pharyngitis|pharyngitis]] and [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchitis]] is relatively common in the initial stages
*Since one of the primary sites of action of this virus is lymphoid tissue, the resultant immunosuppression -> predisposition to secondary bacterial infection
*May cause [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Interstitial pneumonia|interstitial pneumonia]] where [[Degenerations and Infiltrations - Pathology#Cellular Inclusions|inclusions]] are found within alveolar macrophages
*Gross pathology:
**Oedematous lungs, diffuse interstitial pneumonia
*Micro pathology:
**Necrosis of pneumocytes, necrotising bronchiolitis, alveolar oedema, thickening of alveolar walls and type II pneumocyte hyperplasia
Aerosol infection
*Infects alveolar [[Macrophages|macrophages]] or [[Oropharynx - Pathology|oropharynx]]
*Infects alveolar [[Macrophages|macrophages]] or [[Oropharynx - Pathology|oropharynx]]
*Multiplies in the bronchial and other lymph nodes, infects [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and dendritic cells
*Multiplies in the bronchial and other lymph nodes, infects [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and dendritic cells
*Involvement of central nervous system generally results in death
*Involvement of central nervous system generally results in death
====Diagnosis====
*Can contribute to [[Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis|Infectious Canine Tracheitis]]
*May be involved in [[Pancreatitis, Chronic Interstitial|chronic interstitial pancreatitis]]
*May cause [[Bones Developmental - Pathology#Retention of elongated primary trabeculae|growth retardation lattice]]
*May also trigger latent [[Toxoplasma|Toxoplasmosis]] due to suppressing effect on lymphoid tissue
==Signalment==
*Dogs, ferrets, seals, lions, mink
*Has been a major pathogen of dogs prior to vaccination
==Diagnosis==
*May present as series of infections
*May present as series of infections
*'''Immunocytochemistry''' of inclusion bodies
*'''Immunocytochemistry''' of inclusion bodies
**Inclusions persist longest in the brain (may be intranuclear) and the alveolar macrophages
**Inclusions persist longest in the brain (may be intranuclear) and the alveolar macrophages
**Sections of fixed bronchial tissue, lung, macrophages, bladder may be used or nasal or conjunctival epithelium from live animals
**Sections of fixed bronchial tissue, lung, macrophages, bladder may be used or nasal or conjunctival epithelium from live animals
*Giant cells may be seen in the alveoli
*Giant cells may be seen in the alveol
====Control====
===Clinical Signs===
===Laboratory Tests===
===Diagnostic Imaging===
===Pathology===
==Treatment==
*Live attenuated virus vaccines given at 10 and 12 weeks of age
*Live attenuated virus vaccines given at 10 and 12 weeks of age
**Some now given at 7 and 10 weeks to allow socialisation
**Some now given at 7 and 10 weeks to allow socialisation
*Homeopathic vaccines do not work
*Homeopathic vaccines do not work
*Live attenuated vaccines may kill some wildlife therefore '''Iscom vaccine''' is used in seal sanctuaries
*Live attenuated vaccines may kill some wildlife therefore '''Iscom vaccine''' is used in seal sanctuaries
====Secondary Concerns====
==Prognosis==
==Links==
==References==