Changes

*Vaccination sets up memory to the viral infection

*Vaccination sets up memory to the viral infection

*High levels of [[T cell differentiation - WikiBlood#Cytotoxic T-Cells|cytotoxic T cells]] and neutralising [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] are activated in 1-2 days as a [[B cell differentiation - WikiBlood#Secondary T Cell Dependent Response|secondary response]] (instead of 4-10 days as a [[B cell differentiation - WikiBlood#T-Cell Dependent Response|primary response]])

*High levels of [[T cell differentiation - WikiBlood#Cytotoxic T-Cells|cytotoxic T cells]] and neutralising [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] are activated in 1-2 days as a [[B cell differentiation#Secondary T Cell Dependent Response|secondary response]] (instead of 4-10 days as a [[B cell differentiation#T-Cell Dependent Response|primary response]])

*The infection is therefore prevented from taking hold causing lesions to develop

*The infection is therefore prevented from taking hold causing lesions to develop

'''Advantages'''

'''Advantages'''

*Long duration of action  

*Long duration of action  

**Once [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] is produced against the [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood#Antigen Recognition|antigen]], [[B cell differentiation - WikiBlood#Memory cells|memory cells]] are formed which continue circulating in the body

**Once [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] is produced against the [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood#Antigen Recognition|antigen]], [[B cell differentiation#Memory cells|memory cells]] are formed which continue circulating in the body

**For further information on memory cells click [[B cell differentiation - WikiBlood|here]]

**For further information on memory cells click [[B cell differentiation|here]]

'''Disadvantages'''

'''Disadvantages'''

*Often needs two or more doses  

*Often needs two or more doses  

**The first dose initiates the '''priming''' reaction where [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] production ceases after a few weeks, but the second and subsequent doses create [[B cell differentiation - WikiBlood#Memory cells|memory cells]] which remain in the circulation for a much longer period of time

**The first dose initiates the '''priming''' reaction where [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] production ceases after a few weeks, but the second and subsequent doses create [[B cell differentiation#Memory cells|memory cells]] which remain in the circulation for a much longer period of time

**For further information on the T cell independent and dependent responses click [[B cell differentiation - WikiBlood#T-Cell Dependent and Independent Responses|here]]

**For further information on the T cell independent and dependent responses click [[B cell differentiation#T-Cell Dependent and Independent Responses|here]]

==What antigen(s) do we use in the vaccine?==

==What antigen(s) do we use in the vaccine?==

**Organisms can be killed using radiation or chemicals so that they still possess the [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood#Antigen Recognition|antigens]] to stimulate an immune response, but the organisms are unable to replicate inside the host

**Organisms can be killed using radiation or chemicals so that they still possess the [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood#Antigen Recognition|antigens]] to stimulate an immune response, but the organisms are unable to replicate inside the host

**Toxins are inactivated to produce a toxoid which will still have the [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood#Antigen Recognition|antigens]] needed to produce an immune response but will not be harmful to the host

**Toxins are inactivated to produce a toxoid which will still have the [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood#Antigen Recognition|antigens]] needed to produce an immune response but will not be harmful to the host

**Needs two doses (for an explanation on the [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cell]] response click [[B cell differentiation - WikiBlood#T-Cell Dependent and Independent Responses|here]])

**Needs two doses (for an explanation on the [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cell]] response click [[B cell differentiation#T-Cell Dependent and Independent Responses|here]])

**1:4000 formaldehyde is the current preparation  

**1:4000 formaldehyde is the current preparation  

**Inactivants containing azuridines and beta propiolactone are being developed which do not leave a persistent infectious viral fraction (like formaldehyde)

**Inactivants containing azuridines and beta propiolactone are being developed which do not leave a persistent infectious viral fraction (like formaldehyde)