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These substances are circulated throughout the body by plasma and diffuse into tissues and cells where needed.  

These substances are circulated throughout the body by plasma and diffuse into tissues and cells where needed.  

'''Plasma  proteins'''  are large molecules of which there are four main types, albumin, Globulin, fibrinogen and prothrombin. Albumin maintains oncotic pressure within the blood vessels and hence blood volume and blood pressure. Globulins which are produced by lymphocytes act in immune reactions and fibrinogen and prothrombin are required in order for clotting to occur.

'''Plasma  proteins'''  are large molecules of which there are four main types, [[Albumin|albumin]], Globulin, fibrinogen and prothrombin. Albumin maintains oncotic pressure within the blood vessels and hence blood volume and [[Blood Pressure|blood pressure]]. Globulins which are produced by lymphocytes act in immune reactions and fibrinogen and prothrombin are required in order for clotting to occur.

'''Nutrients in solution''' include the breakdown products of digestion, amino acids, glucose and fatty acids.

'''Nutrients in solution''' include the breakdown products of digestion, amino acids, glucose and fatty acids.

'''Gases in solution''' include oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen is carried mainly by the red blood cells but a small amount is dissolved in the plasma. Carbon dioxide is carried by the plasma as carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

'''Gases in solution''' include oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen is carried mainly by the red blood cells but a small amount is dissolved in the plasma. Carbon dioxide is carried by the plasma as carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

'''Waste products''' carried by the plasma include urea and creatinine which are nitrogenous waste. They are taken to the liver and kidneys where they are removed via the bile or urine.

'''Waste products''' carried by the plasma include urea and creatinine which are nitrogenous waste. They are taken to the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] and [[The Endocrine Function of the Kidney - Anatomy & Physiology|kidneys]] where they are removed via the bile or [[Normal Composition of Urine - Anatomy & Physiology|urine]].

'''Hormones and Enzymes''' including cortisol and thyroxine are transported around the body in plasma bound to plasma proteins.

'''Hormones and Enzymes''' including cortisol and thyroxine are transported around the body in plasma bound to plasma proteins.