829
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
→Respiratory Disease
====Respiratory Disease====
====Respiratory Disease====
*'''[[Pulmonary Oedema|Pulmonary oedema]]''' - Damage to the small vessels of the pulmonary vasculature may result in the development of vasogenic pulmonary oedema and pleural effusion with dyspnoea, tachypnoea and coughing.
*'''[[Pulmonary Oedema|Pulmonary oedema]]''' - Damage to the small vessels of the pulmonary vasculature may result in the development of vasogenic pulmonary oedema and pleural effusion with dyspnoea, tachypnoea and coughing.
*'''Uraemic pneumonitis''' - This disease occurs due to movement of leucocytes into the alveoli and alveolar septa.
====Electrolyte and Acid/Base Imbalances====
====Electrolyte and Acid/Base Imbalances====
*'''Electrolyte imbalances''' - The failure to excrete phosphate through the damaged kidneys results in hyperphosphataemia. This electrolyte complexes with calcium and also prevents the activation of vitamin D (dihydroxycholecalciferol), resulting in hypocalcaemia. This hypocalcaemia directly stimulates the production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to try to maintain normal blood calcium levels and, in ~10% dogs with renal failure, hypercalaemia may develop due to an alteration in the set-point at which PTH is secreted. In the remaining 90%, calcium is mobilised from bone causing '''secondary renal hyperparathyroidism''' with resorption of bone, pathological fractures and fibrous osteodystrophy of the bones of skull ('rubber jaw').
*'''Electrolyte imbalances''' - The failure to excrete phosphate through the damaged kidneys results in hyperphosphataemia. This electrolyte complexes with calcium and also prevents the activation of vitamin D (dihydroxycholecalciferol), resulting in hypocalcaemia. This hypocalcaemia directly stimulates the production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to try to maintain normal blood calcium levels and, in ~10% dogs with renal failure, hypercalaemia may develop due to an alteration in the set-point at which PTH is secreted. In the remaining 90%, calcium is mobilised from bone causing '''secondary renal hyperparathyroidism''' with resorption of bone, pathological fractures and fibrous osteodystrophy of the bones of skull ('rubber jaw').