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Ascarid Impaction - Horse (view source)
Revision as of 16:16, 18 August 2010
, 16:16, 18 August 2010no edit summary
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{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"
{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"
| Also known as:
| Also known as:
|'''Colic in foals<br>
|'''Colic in foals<br>Impaction<br>Simple Obstruction<br>Small Intestinal Simple Obstruction<br>Small Intestinal Obstruction<br>Small Intestinal Impaction'''
|}
|}
==Signalment==
==Signalment==
==History==
==History==
Recent history (within the previous 24 hours) of being wormed with a product effective against ascarids.
Recent history (within the previous 24 hours) of being wormed with a product effective against ascarids.
==Aetiology==
==Aetiology==
Products that cause sudden death<ref name="Bliks">Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref> or paralysis<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref> of ascarids, particularly [[Parascaris equorum|''Parascaris equorum'']] within the small intestine. Adult ascarids are large and thus readily cause small intestinal impaction.<ref name="Bliks">Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref> It has been suggested that disruption of the surface of the ascarid releases antigenic fluids that inhibit intestinal muscular activity, thereby increasing the likelihood of intestinal obstruction.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref> Anthelmintics that are suspected to induce episodes of ascarid impaction include<ref name="Cribb">Cribb, N.C, Cote, N.M, Boure, L.P, Peregrine, A.S (2006) Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with ''Parascaris equorum'' infection in young horses: 25 cases (9185-2004). ''N Z Vet J'', 54:338-343. In: Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>:
Products that cause sudden death<ref name="Bliks">Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref> or paralysis<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref> of ascarids, particularly [[Parascaris equorum|''Parascaris equorum'']] within the small intestine. Adult ascarids are large and thus readily cause small intestinal impaction.<ref name="Bliks">Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref> It has been suggested that disruption of the surface of the ascarid releases antigenic fluids that inhibit intestinal muscular activity, thereby increasing the likelihood of intestinal obstruction.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref> Anthelmintics that are suspected to induce episodes of ascarid impaction include<ref name="Cribb">Cribb, N.C, Cote, N.M, Boure, L.P, Peregrine, A.S (2006) Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with ''Parascaris equorum'' infection in young horses: 25 cases (9185-2004). ''N Z Vet J'', 54:338-343. In: Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>:
*Organophosphates
*Organophosphates
==Clinical Signs==
==Clinical Signs==
*Acute onset mild to severe colic after administration of anthelmintic (onset varies with degree of obstruction<ref name="Cribb">Cribb, N.C, Cote, N.M, Boure, L.P, Peregrine, A.S (2006) Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with ''Parascaris equorum'' infection in young horses: 25 cases (9185-2004). ''N Z Vet J'', 54:338-343. In: Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>)
*Acute onset mild to severe colic after administration of anthelmintic (onset varies with degree of obstruction<ref name="Cribb">Cribb, N.C, Cote, N.M, Boure, L.P, Peregrine, A.S (2006) Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with ''Parascaris equorum'' infection in young horses: 25 cases (9185-2004). ''N Z Vet J'', 54:338-343. In: Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>)
*Signs compatible with [[Colic Diagnosis - Clinical Signs|colic due to small intestinal obstruction]]<ref name="Bliks">Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>
*Signs compatible with [[Colic Diagnosis - Clinical Signs|colic due to small intestinal obstruction]]<ref name="Bliks">Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>
==[[:Category:Colic_Diagnosis_in_the_Horse|Diagnosis]]==
==[[:Category:Colic_Diagnosis_in_the_Horse|Diagnosis]]==
*History
*History
*[[Colic Diagnosis - Clinical Signs|Clinical signs]] referable to small intestinal obstruction
*[[Colic Diagnosis - Clinical Signs|Clinical signs]] referable to small intestinal obstruction
==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
Fair in cases that are rapidly treated but poor in foals with evidence of hypovolaemia and septic shock. Surgical cases also carry a poorer prognosis than cases which are resolved medically.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref> In a recent study, long term survival of 25 affected horses was 33%.<ref name="Cribb">Cribb, N.C, Cote, N.M, Boure, L.P, Peregrine, A.S (2006) Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with ''Parascaris equorum'' infection in young horses: 25 cases (9185-2004). ''N Z Vet J'', 54:338-343. In: Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>: Failure to relieve the impaction may lead to intestinal rupture.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>
Fair in cases that are rapidly treated but poor in foals with evidence of hypovolaemia and septic shock. Surgical cases also carry a poorer prognosis than cases which are resolved medically.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref> In a recent study, long term survival of 25 affected horses was 33%.<ref name="Cribb">Cribb, N.C, Cote, N.M, Boure, L.P, Peregrine, A.S (2006) Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with ''Parascaris equorum'' infection in young horses: 25 cases (9185-2004). ''N Z Vet J'', 54:338-343. In: Blikslager, A.T (2010) ''Obstructive Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Chapter 15, ''Saunders''.</ref>: Failure to relieve the impaction may lead to intestinal rupture.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>
==Prevention==
==Prevention==
===Anthelmintics===
===Anthelmintics===
Ensure a regular worming programme that prevents a build-up of large ascarid burdens in the foal:
Ensure a regular worming programme that prevents a build-up of large ascarid burdens in the foal:
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:To_Do_-_Nina]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_Nina]]
[[Category:Medical Colic in the Horse]]
[[Category:Intestine_-_Mechanical_Obstruction]]
[[Category:Intestine_-_Mechanical_Obstruction]]
[[Category:Surgical_Colic_in_the_Horse]]
[[Category:Surgical_Colic_in_the_Horse]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_Review]]
[[Category:Expert_Review]]