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| Also known as:

| Also known as:

| '''DIC'''

| '''DIC'''<br>Consumptive coagulopathy

|-  

|-  

|}

|}

*Sepsis, particularly gram negative organisms.

*Sepsis, particularly gram negative organisms.

*Obstetric complications; chemicals released from the uterus.

*Obstetric complications; chemicals released from the uterus.

*Tissue trauma E.g. burns.

*Tissue trauma e.g. burns.

*Liver disease.

*Liver disease.

*Transfusion reaction.

*[[:Category:Transfusion Medicine|Transfusion]] reaction.

*Neoplasia.

*Neoplasia.

*Certain snake venoms.

*Certain snake venoms.

Once coagulation begins a positive feedback loop is set up whereby coagulation inhibitors are consumed, allowing more coagulation.  In this way coagulation continues and induces further coagulation.   

Once coagulation begins a positive feedback loop is set up whereby coagulation inhibitors are consumed, allowing more coagulation.  In this way coagulation continues and induces further coagulation.   

Thrombin levels are increased. Thrombin converts plasminogen into the active form, plasmin and initiates the fibrinolytic cascade. Fibrinolysis produces high levels of FDPs (fibrin degradation products) which are themselves anticoagulants, further fuelling the coagulation cascade.   

Thrombin levels are increased. Thrombin converts plasminogen into the active form, plasmin and initiates the fibrinolytic cascade. Fibrinolysis produces high levels of FDPs (fibrin degradation products) which are themselves anticoagulants, further fuelling the coagulation cascade.   

As thrombi form in the vasculature tissues will become hypoxic leading to multisystemic organ failure in severe cases.   

As thrombi form in the vasculature tissues will become hypoxic leading to multisystemic organ failure in severe cases.   

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==

Present due to spontaneous primary bleeding and include Petechiae, ecchymoses, mucosal bleeding or secondary bleeding into body cavities e.g [[Haemoabdomen|haemoabdomen]].

Present due to spontaneous primary bleeding and include petechiae, ecchymoses, mucosal bleeding or secondary bleeding into body cavities e.g. [[Haemoabdomen|haemoabdomen]].

Ventricular arrythmias may also be present due to myocardial hypoxia or thrombosis.

[[:Category:Altered Ventricular Impulse Formations|Ventricular arrythmias]] may also be present due to myocardial hypoxia or thrombosis.

==Laboratory Tests==

==Laboratory Tests==

===Blood Smear===

===Blood Smear===

Will see evidence of anaemia which can be regenerative or non-regenerative depending on the underlying cause of DIC.

Will see evidence of [[Anaemia - Introduction|anaemia]] which can be regenerative or non-regenerative depending on the underlying cause of DIC.

Also a [[Neutrophilia|neutrophilia]] with a left shift and thrombocytopaenia will be present. Schistocytes may also be seen due to haemolysis.

Also a [[Neutrophilia|neutrophilia]] with a left shift and thrombocytopaenia will be present. Schistocytes may also be seen due to haemolysis.

===Haematology===

===Haematology===

Will reveal a decreased PCV, a thrombocytopaenia and often a neutrophiia with a left shift.

Will reveal a decreased PCV, a thrombocytopaenia and often a neutrophilia with a left shift.

===Urinalysis===

===Urinalysis===

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

It is important to identify and treat the underlying cause of the DIC.  

It is important to identify and treat the underlying cause of the DIC.  

It is also important to ensure adequate tissue perfusion and support target organs susceptible to [[Ischaemia and Infarction - Pathology|ischaemia]] and haemorrhage by [[Fluid Therapy|fluid therapy]].   

It is also important to ensure adequate tissue perfusion and support target organs susceptible to [[Ischaemia and Infarction - Pathology|ischaemia]] and haemorrhage by [[Fluid Therapy|fluid therapy]].   

[[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Vascular_Pathology]][[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]][[Category:Arterial_Pathology]]

[[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Vascular_Pathology]][[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]][[Category:Arterial_Pathology]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Cardiovascular]][[Category:To Do - Caz]]

[[Category:Coagulation Defects]][[Category:To Do - Caz]][[Category:Dog]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Review]]

[[Category:Expert_Review]]