Changes

As described above, the onset of clinical signs in anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis is delayed for up to five days while vitamin K dependent factors become depleted, due to the gradual degradation of functional factors already in the circulation. When signs occur, they are related to defective haemostasis and unchecked haemorrhage although depression and anorexia may be seen before bleeding begins. Visible signs can include external haematomas, bruising, epistaxis, hyphaema, haematemesis, haemtotochezia, melaena, haematuria or excessive bleeding from sites of venupuncture or injury^1-8. Lameness may also occur if there are haemorrhages into joints. Non-specific symptoms are also possible, related to internal bleeding. Such examples are weakness, ataxia, dyspnoea, abdominal swelling and pallor.  

As described above, the onset of clinical signs in anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis is delayed for up to five days while vitamin K dependent factors become depleted, due to the gradual degradation of functional factors already in the circulation. When signs occur, they are related to defective haemostasis and unchecked haemorrhage although depression and anorexia may be seen before bleeding begins. Visible signs can include external haematomas, bruising, epistaxis, hyphaema, haematemesis, haemtotochezia, melaena, haematuria or excessive bleeding from sites of venupuncture or injury^1-8. Lameness may also occur if there are haemorrhages into joints. Non-specific symptoms are also possible, related to internal bleeding. Such examples are weakness, ataxia, dyspnoea, abdominal swelling and pallor.  

Other causes of blood loss and anaemia: Trauma and clotting defects such

#Other causes of blood loss and anaemia, such as inherited clotting defects, trauma, autoimmune diseases, chronic liver disease and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

as inherited conditions, autoimmune disorders, chronic liver disease and

#Conditions causing dyspnoea, including pleural effusions, congestie hear failure, primary pulmonary disease and respiratory obstruction.  

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

#Causes of acute collapse, such as trauma, endotoxaemia and causes of shock⁶.

* Other causes of dyspnoea: Thoracic fluid, heart disease, lung disease and

respiratory obstruction.

* Other causes of acute collapse: Trauma, endotoxaemia and causes of shock

===Laboratory Tests===

===Laboratory Tests===