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Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (view source)
Revision as of 18:30, 23 August 2010
, 18:30, 23 August 2010→Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus
Across the globe, cattle of all ages are affected by bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). The virus gives rise to productive and reproductive losses, causing significant economic impact
Across the globe, cattle of all ages are affected by bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). The virus gives rise to productive and reproductive losses, causing significant economic impact
==Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus==
==Virus==
===Classification===
Over 60 years ago, the viral aetiology of the disease bovine viral diarrhoea was established. In the 1960s-70s, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), together with related agents causing disease in sheep and swine, was assigned to the newly-penned “Pestivirus” genus. At this stage, Pestiviruses were considered to be non-arthropod-borne togaviruses, although it was later realised by sequencing of genomic RNA they are more taxonomically suited to the family Flaviviridae (Collett et al, 1988; Meyers et al, 1989), where they reside today.
The Flaviviridae are primarily spread via arthropod vectors, particularly mosquitoes and ticks. Genera within the family include the Flaviviruses, which cause disease in both man (such as yellow fever virus and West Nile virus) and animals (for example, louping ill), and Hepacivirus, which contains Hepatitis C virus only.
Pestiviruses, however, are not arthropod-borne, and include pathogens of cattle (BVDV), sheep and pigs. The porcine Pestivirus, classical swine fever virus (CSFV), was first documented in 1833 in Ohio (quoted by Hanson, 1957). Acute disease (classical swine fever) typically includes a raised body temperature, inco-ordination of movement and hyperaemia of the skin followed by petechial or extensive haemorrhage (Dahle and Leiss, 1992).
Border disease, caused by Border disease virus (BDV) is the ovine pestivirus and was described by Hughes et al. in 1959. Congenital infection results in the birth of “hairy shaker” lambs, which suffer tonic-clonic tremors and have hairy rather than woolly coats (Sawyer, 1992). Severity of clinical signs can vary within a flock and among litter-mates.
==Transmission and Epidemiology==
==Transmission and Epidemiology==