Changes

===Clinical Signs===

===Clinical Signs===

Animals are occasionally seen alive with hyperaesthesis and ataxia, which rapidly progresses to recumbency, opisthotonus, convulsions and death. In lambs which live longer, diarrhoea and signs associated with focal symmetrical encephalomalacia can be seen.

The first indication of pulpy kidney disease is the occurence of sudden death in the best-grown lambs^{merck, lewis, ivis}. Occasionally, animals may be seen alive displaying clinical signs suggestive of the condition. Signs are typically neurological and include hyperaesthesia, ataxia, circling or head-pressing, with rapid progression to recumbency, opisthotonus, convulsions and death^{merck, lewis, ivis}. In lambs which live longer, diarrhoea and signs associated with focal symmetrical encephalomalacia can be seen. In some cases, excitement, incoordination, and convulsions occur before death. Opisthotonos, circling, and pushing the head against fixed objects are common signs of CNS involvement; frequently, hyperglycemia or glycosuria is seen. Diarrhea may or may not develop. Occasionally, adult sheep are affected; they show weakness, incoordination, and convulsions and die within 24 hr. In goats, the course of disease ranges from peracute to chronic, with signs that vary from sudden death to watery diarrhea with or without blood. Acutely affected calves not found dead show mania, convulsions, blindness, and death in a few hours. Subacutely affected calves are stuporous for a few days and may recover. In goats, diarrhea and nervous signs are seen, and death occurs in several weeks. Type D enterotoxemia occasionally is seen in young horses that have overeaten.  

lewis In the rare instances that animals survive

 

for a short time, diarrhoea is a feature,

lewis The disease is peracute and the majority of cases

are found dead. In the rare instances that animals survive

for a short time, diarrhoea is a feature, as are CNS signs

ivis  

ivis  

Type D enterotoxemia in sheep is typically a peracute illness, with many cases simply being found dead. If a live ovine case is detected, neurologic signs predominate. Lethargy and ataxia are evident early on, with collapse, hyperesthesia, lateral recumbency, convulsive paddling, and opisthotonus following within hours. Diarrhea is inconsistently seen. Glucosuria is frequently present [29].

Diarrhea is inconsistently seen. Glucosuria is frequently present [29].

===Laboratory Tests===

===Laboratory Tests===