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Created page with "===Donkey=== {|border="2" width="800px" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse..."
===Donkey===
{|border="2" width="800px" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2" width="180px"|Parameter/units
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Average
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Range
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Interpretation
|-
!align="left"|RBC 10<sup>12</sup>/l
|5.5
|(4 - 7.3)
|'''Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:'''
Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia.
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|PCV %
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|33
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(25 - 38)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|<small>As above</small>
|-
!align="left"|Hb g/dl
|11.6
|(9 - 15.3)
|<small>As above</small>
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCH pg
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|21.9
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(18.9 - 28.6)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Mean corpuscular haematology:'''
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency.
|-
!align="left"|MCHC g/dl
|34.8
|(31.4 - 39.1)
|'''Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:'''
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency.
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV fl
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|64
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(57 - 79)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Macrocytosis''' seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency.
|-
!align="left"|WBC 10<sup>9</sup>/l
|10.2
|(6.1 - 16.1)
|'''White blood cells'''. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], lymphocytes, eosinophils, [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur
during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections.
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|NEU %
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|50.5
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(28 - 78)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Neutrophils.''' Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections.
|-
!align="left"|NEU T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
|5.0
|(2.2 - 13.3)
|<small>As above</small>
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EOS %
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|4
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(1 - 10)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Eosinophils.''' Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low.
|-
!align="left"|EOS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
|0.38
|(0.09 - 1.15)
|<small>As above</small>
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|BAS %
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 0.8)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Basophils.''' Basophilia is rare in donkeys.
|-
!align="left"|BAS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
|0
|(0 - 0.5)
|<small>As above</small>
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|LYM %
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|43
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(17 - 65)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Lymphocytes.''' Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency.
|-
!align="left"|LYM T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
|4.2
|(1.8 - 7.8)
|<small>As above</small>
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MON %
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|1
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 5)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Monocytes.''' Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.
|-
!align="left"|MON T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
|0.13
|(0 - 0.8)
|<small>As above</small>
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Platelets 10<sup>9</sup>/l
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|5.5
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(4 - 7.3)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Thrombocytes.''' Thrombocytosis is rare but can occur in bacterial infections. Thrombocytopaenia may be seen in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), immunemediated thrombocytopenia, equine infectious anaemia (EIA), endotoxemia, equine ehrlichiosis, neoplasia, or as a result of severe haemorrhage. Artifactual reductions in platelet numbers can occur as a result of platelets clumping in EDTA.
|-
|}
Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Appendix 1
[[Category:Normal Haematology]]
[[Category:WikiNormals]]
{|border="2" width="800px" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2" width="180px"|Parameter/units
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Average
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Range
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Interpretation
|-
!align="left"|RBC 10<sup>12</sup>/l
|5.5
|(4 - 7.3)
|'''Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:'''
Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia.
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|PCV %
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|33
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(25 - 38)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|<small>As above</small>
|-
!align="left"|Hb g/dl
|11.6
|(9 - 15.3)
|<small>As above</small>
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCH pg
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|21.9
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(18.9 - 28.6)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Mean corpuscular haematology:'''
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency.
|-
!align="left"|MCHC g/dl
|34.8
|(31.4 - 39.1)
|'''Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:'''
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency.
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV fl
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|64
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(57 - 79)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Macrocytosis''' seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency.
|-
!align="left"|WBC 10<sup>9</sup>/l
|10.2
|(6.1 - 16.1)
|'''White blood cells'''. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], lymphocytes, eosinophils, [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur
during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections.
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|NEU %
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|50.5
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(28 - 78)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Neutrophils.''' Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections.
|-
!align="left"|NEU T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
|5.0
|(2.2 - 13.3)
|<small>As above</small>
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EOS %
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|4
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(1 - 10)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Eosinophils.''' Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low.
|-
!align="left"|EOS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
|0.38
|(0.09 - 1.15)
|<small>As above</small>
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|BAS %
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 0.8)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Basophils.''' Basophilia is rare in donkeys.
|-
!align="left"|BAS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
|0
|(0 - 0.5)
|<small>As above</small>
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|LYM %
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|43
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(17 - 65)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Lymphocytes.''' Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency.
|-
!align="left"|LYM T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
|4.2
|(1.8 - 7.8)
|<small>As above</small>
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MON %
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|1
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 5)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Monocytes.''' Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.
|-
!align="left"|MON T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
|0.13
|(0 - 0.8)
|<small>As above</small>
|-
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Platelets 10<sup>9</sup>/l
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|5.5
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(4 - 7.3)
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Thrombocytes.''' Thrombocytosis is rare but can occur in bacterial infections. Thrombocytopaenia may be seen in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), immunemediated thrombocytopenia, equine infectious anaemia (EIA), endotoxemia, equine ehrlichiosis, neoplasia, or as a result of severe haemorrhage. Artifactual reductions in platelet numbers can occur as a result of platelets clumping in EDTA.
|-
|}
Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Appendix 1
[[Category:Normal Haematology]]
[[Category:WikiNormals]]