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Also known as: EIA, Swamp Fever
Also known as: EIA, Swamp Fever
==Description==
Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) is an exotic viral disease affecting horses, donkeys and mules. It is caused by an equid-specific lentivirus in the retrovirus family,http://wikivet.net/index.php?title=Equine_Infectious_Anemia&action=edit Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV). The virus is usually transmitted through large biting flies such as horseflies (Tabanid spp) or stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans). Transmission occurs when these species of flies are in proximity to horses
====Pathogenesis====
====Pathogenesis====
*Infected horses have '''lifetime latent infection of macrophages''' with recurring bouts of virus when '''immunocompromised'''
*Infected horses have '''lifetime latent infection of macrophages''' with recurring bouts of virus when '''immunocompromised'''
====Diagnosis====
==Clinical signs==
The incubation period of the disease ranges from 10 to over 45 days and initial clinical signs may be vague or unnoticed. Infection may only be detected following serological testing. Owners of affected animals may Animals may be affected acutely, chronically or sub-clinically.
==Diagnosis==
*'''Coggins test''' required for horse movement in the US:
*'''Coggins test''' required for horse movement in the US:
**Serum '''antibody''' by '''immunodiffusion''' in infected horse spleen
**Serum '''antibody''' by '''immunodiffusion''' in infected horse spleen
==Control==
*Slaughter of infected animal
*Slaughter of infected animal
*2 clear Coggins tests of all horses before movement allowed
*2 clear Coggins tests of all horses before movement allowed