Changes

Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 95: Line 95:  
==Techniques Involved in Pathological Examination==
 
==Techniques Involved in Pathological Examination==
   −
* '''Fluid examination'''
+
* '''Fluid examination''' e.g. blood, urine, discharges.
** E.g. blood, urine, discharges from orifices and so on.
+
* '''Cytology''' - collect and examine cells in smears, aspirates and fluids.
* '''Cytology'''
+
* '''Necropsy''', which is a visual examination of the gross changes in the dead body.
** Examination of cells in smears, aspirates and fluids.
+
* '''Histopathology'''; microscopic examination of:
* '''Necropsy'''
+
** Tissues selected from the dead body after necropsy.
** Visual examination of the gross changes in the dead body.
+
** Biopsy/excision materials from lesions in the living animal.
* '''Histopathology'''
+
* '''Histochemistry'''; microscopic visualisation of enzymatic activity in tissues.
** Microscopic examination of:
+
* '''Immunological methods''' such as testing for specific antibody activity in tissues and fluids.
*** Tissues selected from the dead body after necropsy.
+
** Examination of serum can show prior exposure to a particular infectious agent (i.e. specific antibodies).
*** Biopsy/excision materials from lesions in the living animal.
  −
* '''Histochemistry'''
  −
** Microscopic visualisation of enzymatic activity in tissues.
  −
* '''Immunological methods'''
  −
** Specific antibody activity can be detected in tissues and fluids.
  −
*** Examination of serum can show prior exposure to a particular infectious agent (i.e. specific antibodies).
   
** Specific antigens can be detected in tissues.
 
** Specific antigens can be detected in tissues.
*** When linked to a marking agent (e.g. a fluorescent dye), an antibody can localise its antigen in the tissue.
+
** When linked to a marking agent (e.g. a fluorescent dye), an antibody can localise its antigen in the tissue.
* '''Electronmicroscopy'''
+
* '''Electronmicroscopy''' which reveals the fine detail of the surfaces or internal structures of cells.
** Electronmicroscopy shows fine detail of the surfaces or internal structures of cells.
+
* '''Bacteriology/ Virology/ Parasitology'''; these techniques allow the isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria, viruses and parasites.
* '''Bacteriology/ Virology/ Parasitology'''
+
* '''Toxicology'''; analysis of tissues for particular poisons and toxins.
** These techniques allow the isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria, viruses and parasites.
  −
* '''Toxicology'''
  −
** Analysis of tissues for particular poisons and toxins.
 
5,582

edits

Navigation menu