Changes

==Humoral==

==Humoral==

*[[Complement|Complement]] activation of the classical pathway

Humoral immunity includes [[Complement|Complement]] activation of the classical pathway. It results in the production of [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]] and [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] and makes the complement system more efficient.

**Production of [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]] and [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] makes the complement system more efficient

'''Cell-Mediated'''

==Cell-Mediated==

*Help for macrophages

Cell-mediated immunity provides help for macrophages. It includes [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] production (T-helper type II cells and [[Lymphocytes#B Cells|B cells]]), which improves phagocytosis by opsonisation. Infected [[Macrophages|macrophages]] are rescued by T-helper type I cells when phagocytosis and digestion mechanisms fail to eliminate the pathogen.

**[[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] production (T-helper type II cells and [[Lymphocytes#B Cells|B cells]]) which improves phagocytosis by opsonisation

**Infected [[Macrophages|macrophages]] are rescued by T-helper type I cells when phagocytosis and digestion mechanisms fail to eliminate the pathogen

'''Extracellular Infection'''

==Extracellular Infection==

*Complement and phagocytosis

The response to extracellular infection involves [[Complement|Complement]] and phagocytosis; [[Lymphocytes#B Cells|B cell]] and T helper type II cell stimulation and the production of [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]], which activates the classical cascade. There is also class switching of [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]] to [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]], which is a good opsonin and targets bacterial Fcγ receptor expressed by [[Macrophages|macrophages]] and [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]].

*Production of [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]] which activates the classical cascade

During a vesicular infection, the infected [[Macrophages|macrophage]] secretes IL-12. IL-12 stimulates T-helper type I cells which release IFN-γ. IFN-γ then triggers the [[Macrophages|macrophages]] to kill the pathogens inside.

 

 

 

*The infected [[Macrophages|macrophage]] secretes IL-12

 

*IL-12 stimulates T-helper type I cells which release IFN-γ

 

*IFN-γ triggers the [[Macrophages|macrophages]] to kill the pathogens inside

<big>'''Also see [[Immunity to Bacteria]]'''</big>

<big>'''Also see [[Immunity to Bacteria]]'''</big>