Changes

*This tumour is seen as part of a more general syndrome of upper alimentary tract neoplasia in adult cattle grazing rough pasture on which the '''bracken fern''' (Pteridium aquilinum) is present.  

*This tumour is seen as part of a more general syndrome of upper alimentary tract neoplasia in adult cattle grazing rough pasture on which the '''bracken fern''' (Pteridium aquilinum) is present.  

*The syndrome is seen in various part of the world including the Western Highlands of Scotland, Brazil and Kenya.  

*The syndrome is seen in various part of the world including the Western Highlands of Scotland, Brazil and Kenya.  

*In affected animals, squamous carcinomas may be present in the [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]], [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] and [[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]] and there may also be [[intestinal adenocarcinomas]] and bladder tumours, or the condition known as [[enzootic bovine haematuria]].  

*In affected animals, squamous carcinomas may be present in the [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]], [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] and [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]] and there may also be [[intestinal adenocarcinomas]] and bladder tumours, or the condition known as [[enzootic bovine haematuria]].  

=====Pathogenesis=====  

=====Pathogenesis=====