Changes

==Description==

==Description==

Due to their unselective feeding habits, cattle may ingest a variety of foreign bodies. Cattle cannot spit out metallic agents (e.g. screws, nails, pieces of wire, bottle tops) once in their mouths, and so ingest them. Heavier metallic objects consumed can become lodged in the [[The Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]], and may penetrate the reticular wall under the influence of the continuous [[The Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology#Ruminoreticular contraction|reticular movements]] or forces caused by pregnancy and parturition.

Due to their unselective feeding habits, cattle may ingest a variety of foreign bodies. Cattle cannot spit out metallic agents (e.g. screws, nails, pieces of wire, bottle tops) once in their mouths, and so ingest them. Heavier metallic objects consumed can become lodged in the [[Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]], and may penetrate the reticular wall under the influence of the continuous [[The Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology#Ruminoreticular contraction|reticular movements]] or forces caused by pregnancy and parturition.

Pathological changes depend on the direction of penetration; this is usually in an anterior-ventral direction. Pyogenic bacteria escape from the [[The Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]], causing localised [[Peritonitis|peritonitis]] and local fibrinous adhesions.

Pathological changes depend on the direction of penetration; this is usually in an anterior-ventral direction. Pyogenic bacteria escape from the [[Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]], causing localised [[Peritonitis|peritonitis]] and local fibrinous adhesions.

Penetration of the [[Diaphragm - Anatomy & Physiology|diaphragm]] and pericardium results in [[Pericarditis|pericarditis]]. Penetration of the [[Heart - Anatomy & Physiology|heart]] itself results in [[Myocarditis|myocarditis]] and [[Endocarditis|endocarditis]]. Penetration of the [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lungs]] and pleura can occur resulting in pneumonia and pleurisy.

Penetration of the [[Diaphragm - Anatomy & Physiology|diaphragm]] and pericardium results in [[Pericarditis|pericarditis]]. Penetration of the [[Heart - Anatomy & Physiology|heart]] itself results in [[Myocarditis|myocarditis]] and [[Endocarditis|endocarditis]]. Penetration of the [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lungs]] and pleura can occur resulting in pneumonia and pleurisy.

[[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|Liver]] and [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|splenic]] abscesses also occasionally occur following penetration of either organ.

[[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|Liver]] and [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|splenic]] abscesses also occasionally occur following penetration of either organ.