Changes

==Avian Nasopharynx and Oropharynx==

==Avian Nasopharynx and Oropharynx==

*The nostrils of the bird, which lead into the [[Nasal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]], may have a flap of horn to protect them, known as the ''Operculum''.

*The nostrils of the bird, which lead into the [[Nasal Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]], may have a flap of horn to protect them, known as the ''Operculum''.

*The Oral Cavity and the Nasal Cavity of the bird are interconnecting via a slit in the [[Hard Palate|hard palate]] called the ''Choana''. Birds lack a [[Soft Palate|soft palate]].

*The Oral Cavity and the Nasal Cavity of the bird are interconnecting via a slit in the [[Hard Palate|hard palate]] called the ''Choana''. Birds lack a [[Soft Palate|soft palate]].

[[Image:Avianheadsaggitalsection.jpg|right|thumb|350px|©Nottingham 2008 ''Saggital Section of an Avian skull showing the conchae.]]

[[Image:Avianheadsaggitalsection.jpg|right|thumb|350px|©Nottingham 2008 ''Saggital Section of an Avian skull showing the conchae.]]

*There are Rostral, Middle and Caudal Conchae arising from the lateral wall, filling part of the [[Nasal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]].

*There are Rostral, Middle and Caudal Conchae arising from the lateral wall, filling part of the [[Nasal Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]].

**Rostral Conchae - Vestibular Region - lined with Stratified Squamous Epithelium

**Rostral Conchae - Vestibular Region - lined with Stratified Squamous Epithelium

**Middle Conchae - Respiratory Region - lined with [[Respiratory Epithelium - Anatomy & Physiology|Respiratory Epithelium]].

**Middle Conchae - Respiratory Region - lined with [[Respiratory Epithelium - Anatomy & Physiology|Respiratory Epithelium]].