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==Description==

==Description==

Canine brucellosis is caused by the intracellular gram negative bacteria ''B. canis''. The disease predominantly affects the reproductive system causing abortion and infertility in females and epididymitis and infertility in males. Other systems can also be affected, causing uveitis, discospondylitis, dermatitis and osteomyelitis. Transmission to humans has been documented but is very rare.  

'''Canine brucellosis''' is caused by the intracellular gram negative bacteria ''B. canis''. The disease predominantly affects the reproductive system causing abortion and infertility in females and epididymitis and infertility in males. Other systems can also be affected, causing uveitis, discospondylitis, dermatitis and osteomyelitis. Transmission to humans has been documented but is very rare.  

Animals are infected when the organism gains entry to the body at mucus membranes: vaginal, oral and conjunctival. Macrophages then phagocytose ''B. canis'' which targets lymphoid and genital tissue. A transient lymphoid hyperplasia and hyperglobinemia develop in the early stages of infection followed by a bactereamia 1-4 weeks post initial infection which can persist for up to 5 years. Brucellosis is transmitted by females at oestrus, breeding, post abortion, transplacentaly and is shed in urine, faeces and milk. Males shed the organism in semen for up to 2 years and in urine for up to 3 months. A cell mediated immune response is needed to clear the organism, however non-protective antibody may develop which complicates diagnosis and treatment of the disease.  

Animals are infected when the organism gains entry to the body at mucus membranes: vaginal, oral and conjunctival. Macrophages then phagocytose ''B. canis'' which targets lymphoid and genital tissue. A transient lymphoid hyperplasia and hyperglobinemia develop in the early stages of infection followed by a bactereamia 1-4 weeks post initial infection which can persist for up to 5 years. Brucellosis is transmitted by females at oestrus, breeding, post abortion, transplacentaly and is shed in urine, faeces and milk. Males shed the organism in semen for up to 2 years and in urine for up to 3 months. A cell mediated immune response is needed to clear the organism, however non-protective antibody may develop which complicates diagnosis and treatment of the disease.  

* Early embryonic loss

* Early embryonic loss

Male:

Male:

* Testicular atrophy

* Testicular atrophy

* Infertility

* Infertility

===Laboratory Tests===

===Laboratory Tests===