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==What is Shock?==

==What is Shock?==

* "Shock" is a clinical term to describe a condition in which:

==Causes of Shock==

==Cause of Shock==

The cause of the clinical signs of shock is circulatory failure, which results in impaired perfusion of tissues and inadequate cellular oxygenation. There are several different circumstances that might lead to the development of shock, such as:

===Hypovolaemia===

This is caused by massive reduction in circulating blood volume; for example due to loss in  

 

severe haemorrhage or extensive body burns where there is excessive loss of tissue fluid from the injured area.

 

===Hypovolaemic shock===

 

* This is caused by massive reduction in circulating blood volume.

** For example, due to loss in  

*** Severe haemorrhage.

*** Extensive body burns.

**** There is excessive loss of tissue fluid from the injured areas.

===Trauma, pain and major surgery===

===Trauma, pain and major surgery===

===Endotoxaemia===

Endotoxaemia can occur in severe infections by Gram negative bacteria. The toxins produced by the bacteria are thought to induce blood clotting in very small vessels, occluding blood flow and resulting in blood pools in the peripheral tissues. Endotoxaemia is a risk factor for the development of [[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation|Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation]].

 

===Endotoxic shock===

 

* Endotoxic shock occurs in severe infections by Gram negative bacteria.  

* The toxins produced by the bacteria are thought to induce clotting of the blood in very small vessels.

** The flow is blocked and blood pools in the peripheral tissues.

thereby blocking the flow and causing pooling of blood in the peripheral

* The condition is known as [[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation|Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation]].

 

* Cardiogenic shock occurs when a suddenly developing cardiac failure causes circulatory collapse, e.g.

Acute cardiac malfunction such as myocardial infarction, severe arrhythmias or sudden failure of the valves can cause circulatory collapse.

** Sudden failure of the valves.

==Pathophysiology of Shock==

==Pathophysiology of Shock==