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Ingested objects that are able to pass through the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] may subsequently become a gastric or intestinal foreign object. If small enough, the object may pass through the pylorus and the entire gastrointestinal tract. Others may become intestinal or rectal foreign bodies. Objects that remain in the stomach may be subsequently expelled by [[Vomiting|vomiting]], otherwise they may continue to cause gastric outflow obstruction, gastric distension and irritation.

Ingested objects that are able to pass through the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] may subsequently become a gastric or intestinal foreign object. If small enough, the object may pass through the pylorus and the entire gastrointestinal tract. Others may become intestinal or rectal foreign bodies. Objects that remain in the stomach may be subsequently expelled by [[Vomiting|vomiting]], otherwise they may continue to cause gastric outflow obstruction, gastric distension and irritation.

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

Dogs affected more often than cats due to their less selective eating habits, puppies are particularly prone.

Dogs affected more often than cats due to their less selective eating habits, puppies are particularly prone.

 

==History==

 

===History===

Reports of the owner witnessing the animal ingesting an object is obviously very helpful in obtaining a diagnosis. However, there is not a history of this in most cases.

Reports of the owner witnessing the animal ingesting an object is obviously very helpful in obtaining a diagnosis. However, there is not a history of this in most cases.

===Clinical Signs===

==Clinical Signs==

Some animals may be asymptomatic.

Some animals may be asymptomatic.

When signs are present they include vomiting due to gastric outflow obstruction, gastric distension and/or irritation, inappetence, anorexia and sometimes dehydration, which occurs as a result of prolonged vomiting. Hypovolaemic shock is uncommon but can occur if the stomach has been perforated.

When signs are present they include vomiting due to gastric outflow obstruction, gastric distension and/or irritation, inappetence, anorexia and sometimes dehydration, which occurs as a result of prolonged vomiting. Hypovolaemic shock is uncommon but can occur if the stomach has been perforated.

===Abdominal Palpation===

==Abdominal Palpation==

Occasionally it may be possible to palpate an object that is lodged in the stomach.

Occasionally it may be possible to palpate an object that is lodged in the stomach.

===Laboratory Tests===

==Laboratory Tests==

On Haematology [[Dehydration - Pathology|dehydration]] and hypoproteinaemia may be evident if the patient has a [[Protein Losing Enteropathy|protein-losing enteropathy]].

On Haematology [[Dehydration - Pathology|dehydration]] and hypoproteinaemia may be evident if the patient has a [[Protein Losing Enteropathy|protein-losing enteropathy]].

Anaemia due to gastric bleeding is possible but rare.

[[Anaemia - Introduction|Anaemia]] due to gastric bleeding is possible but rare.

Changes on Biochemistry may include hypochloraemia and hypokalaemia as a result of vomiting due to gastric outflow obstruction.

Changes on Biochemistry may include hypochloraemia and hypokalaemia as a result of vomiting due to gastric outflow obstruction.

==Prognosis==

==Prognosis==

Good prognosis if there are no secondary effects. Poor prognosis if there is gastric perforation resulting in septic peritonitis and debilitation of the patient.

Good prognosis if there are no secondary effects. Poor prognosis if there is gastric perforation resulting in septic peritonitis and debilitation of the patient.

==References==

==References==

Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''

Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''

[[Category:Stomach_and_Abomasum_-_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]]

[[Category:Stomach_and_Abomasum_-_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]]

 

[[Category:Expert_Review]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Review]]