Changes

==Central Venous Pressure==

==Central Venous Pressure==

Central venous pressure (CVP) is an indicator of blood return to the heart. It indicates adequacy of fluid therapy, heart performance and volume loading of the heart. It is measured by the placement of a central line, usually via the jugular vein. The same method is then used for invasive arterial blood pressure measurement.

Central venous pressure (CVP) is an indicator of blood return to the heart. It indicates adequacy of fluid therapy, heart performance and volume loading of the heart. It is measured by the placement of a central line, usually via the jugular vein. The method used is that described above for invasive arterial blood pressure measurements.

*Low or falling CVP suggests hypovolemia.

*Low or falling CVP suggests hypovolemia.

*High or rising CVP suggests volume overload or a failing heart.

*High or rising CVP suggests volume overload or a failing heart.

==Literature Search==

==Literature Search==