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{{frontpage

|pagetitle =Mycobacterium species

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|pagebody = *Mycobacteruim organisms belong to the family Mycobacteriaceae, order Actinomycetales. This class of organism includes obligate pathogens, opportunistic pathogens and saprophytes; they can cause chronic, progressive, granulomatous infections including tuberculosis, [[Johne's Disease|Johne's disease]] and feline leprosy. ''M. bovis'', ''M. tuberculosis'' and ''M. avium'' cause [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis|tuberculosis of cattle]], [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis in pigs|tuberculosis of pigs]] and [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis in dogs|tuberculosis of dogs]] respectively. ''Mycobacterium leprae'' and ''M.lepraemurium'' cause human, feline/murine leprosy respectively. Localized opportunistic [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Bacterial granulomatous dermatitis|skin]] and subcutaneous infection can be caused by saprophytic and rapidly growing atypical mycobacteria.

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Environmental species are found in soil, vegetation and water. Mycobacterium organisms are

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non-motile, non-spore forming weakly Gram-positive acid-fast rods. They require egg-based media for growth, forming slow-growing (three weeks are required for culture) colonies that stain with carbol dyes and resist subsequent decolorization with inorganic acids; this characteristic which is due to the spatial arrangement of mycolic acids within the cell wall makes them acid fast. They are identified by Ziehl-Neelson staining and differentiated by culture, biochemical tests, chromatography and molecular techniques.

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Mycobacterium species are resistant to disinfectants and environmental conditions, but are susceptible to pasteurisation.

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<categorytree mode=pages>Mycobacterium species</categorytree>

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~~===Overview===~~

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*Mycobacterial infections are caused by bacteria belonging to the family Mycobacteriaceae, order Actinomycetales

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*Includes obligate pathogens, opportunistic pathogens and saprophytes

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*Cause chronic, progressive, granulomatous infections

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*Cause tuberculosis, [[Johne's Disease|Johne's disease]] and feline leprosy

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*''M. bovis'', ''M. tuberculosis'' and ''M. avium'' cause [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis|tuberculosis of cattle]], [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis in pigs|tuberculosis of pigs]] and [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis in dogs|tuberculosis of dogs]] respectively

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*The 'classical' tuberculosis lesions are caused by the [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex]]

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*The Johne's type lesions are caused by the [[Mycobacterium avium complex]]

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*Environmental species are found in soil, vegetation and water

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*''Mycobacterium leprae'' and ''M.lepraemurium'' cause human, feline/murine leprosy respectively

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*Atypical mycobacteriosis is a localized opportunistic skin and subcutaneous infection caused by saprophytic and rapidly growing atypical mycobacteria

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*Granulomatous lesions in [[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Tuberculosis|muscle]] and [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Bacterial granulomatous dermatitis|skin]]

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*Skin tuberculosis of cattle causes nodules along the lymphatics of the limbs

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*Bovine farcy is thought to be caused by ''M. senegalense'' and ''M. farcinogenes''

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*Saprophytic mycobacteria cause granulomatous lesions

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~~===Characteristics===~~

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*Aerobic, weakly Gram-positive acid-fast rods

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*Non-motile, non-spore forming

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*Cell walls contain mycolic acid

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*Require egg-based media for growth

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*Slow-growing colonies

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*Resistant to disinfectants and environmental conditions; susceptible to pasteurisation

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*Mycobacteria stain with carbol dyes and resist subsequent decolorization with inorganic acids; this characteristic which is due to the spatial arrangement of mycolic acids within the cell wall makes them acid fast

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~~===Identification===~~

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*Identified by Ziehl-Neelson staining

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*Differentiated by culture, biochemical tests, chromatography and molecular techniques

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*Pathogenic species require at least three weeks for growth on egg-based media

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[[Category:Bacterial Organisms]]

[[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]]

[[Category:Rods]]

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~~[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]~~

Suzannah.stacey

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Category:Mycobacterium species (view source)

Revision as of 18:55, 1 November 2010

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