Changes

**Found in soil and decaying vegetation - saprophytic

*Found in soil and decaying vegetation - saprophytic

**Opportunistic infection of immunocompromised animals  

*Opportunistic infection of immunocompromised animals  

**Infection via inhalation, wounds or teat canal; also ingestion

*Infection via inhalation, wounds or teat canal; also ingestion

**Causes granulomatous lesions in animals

*Causes granulomatous lesions in animals

**Canine nocardiosis:  

*Canine nocardiosis:  

***Thoracic, [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#bacterial granulomatous dermatitis|cutaneous]] and disseminated forms

**Thoracic, [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#bacterial granulomatous dermatitis|cutaneous]] and disseminated forms

***Cutaneous pyogranulomas: ulcers or granulomatous swellings with discharging fistulae  

**Cutaneous pyogranulomas: ulcers or granulomatous swellings with discharging fistulae  

***[[Peritonitis - Cats and Dogs|peritonitis]]

**[[Peritonitis - Cats and Dogs|peritonitis]]

***[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Nocardiosis|pleuritis]] and pyothorax with fever, anorexia and respiratory distress

**[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Nocardiosis|pleuritis]] and pyothorax with fever, anorexia and respiratory distress

***Disseminated lesions

**Disseminated lesions

***Treat with appropriate systemic antibiotics for 6 weeks

**Treat with appropriate systemic antibiotics for 6 weeks

**Cattle: chronic mastitis; abortion

*Cattle: chronic mastitis; abortion

**Pigs: abortion

*Pigs: abortion

**Sheep, goats, horses: wound infections; mastitis; pneumonia

*Sheep, goats, horses: wound infections; mastitis; pneumonia

**Survives and multiplies in macrophages

*Survives and multiplies in macrophages

**Superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as a thick peptidoglycan wall prevent activity of phagocytes  

*Superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as a thick peptidoglycan wall prevent activity of phagocytes  

**Chronic, progressive disease

*Chronic, progressive disease

**Positive modified Ziehl-Neelson

*Positive modified Ziehl-Neelson

**Culture on blood agar and incubate under aerobic conditions at 37 degrees centigrade for 10 days

*Culture on blood agar and incubate under aerobic conditions at 37 degrees centigrade for 10 days

**White, powdery colonies, adherent to the agar appear after 5 days

*White, powdery colonies, adherent to the agar appear after 5 days

**Subculture onto Sabouraud dextrose agar yields wrinkled, orange colonies

*Subculture onto Sabouraud dextrose agar yields wrinkled, orange colonies

**Lesions difficult to treat due to resistance of organisms to many antimicrobials (e.g. penicillins)

*Lesions difficult to treat due to resistance of organisms to many antimicrobials (e.g. penicillins)

**Cell-mediated immunity required

*Cell-mediated immunity required

[[Category:Nocardia species]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:Pig]][[Category:Cattle]]

[[Category:Nocardia species]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:Pig]][[Category:Cattle]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]