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**Found in soil and decaying vegetation - saprophytic
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*Found in soil and decaying vegetation - saprophytic
**Opportunistic infection of immunocompromised animals  
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*Opportunistic infection of immunocompromised animals  
**Infection via inhalation, wounds or teat canal; also ingestion
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*Infection via inhalation, wounds or teat canal; also ingestion
**Causes granulomatous lesions in animals
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*Causes granulomatous lesions in animals
**Canine nocardiosis:  
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*Canine nocardiosis:  
***Thoracic, [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#bacterial granulomatous dermatitis|cutaneous]] and disseminated forms
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**Thoracic, [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#bacterial granulomatous dermatitis|cutaneous]] and disseminated forms
***Cutaneous pyogranulomas: ulcers or granulomatous swellings with discharging fistulae  
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**Cutaneous pyogranulomas: ulcers or granulomatous swellings with discharging fistulae  
***[[Peritonitis - Cats and Dogs|peritonitis]]
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**[[Peritonitis - Cats and Dogs|peritonitis]]
***[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Nocardiosis|pleuritis]] and pyothorax with fever, anorexia and respiratory distress
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**[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Nocardiosis|pleuritis]] and pyothorax with fever, anorexia and respiratory distress
***Disseminated lesions
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**Disseminated lesions
***Treat with appropriate systemic antibiotics for 6 weeks
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**Treat with appropriate systemic antibiotics for 6 weeks
**Cattle: chronic mastitis; abortion
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*Cattle: chronic mastitis; abortion
**Pigs: abortion
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*Pigs: abortion
**Sheep, goats, horses: wound infections; mastitis; pneumonia
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*Sheep, goats, horses: wound infections; mastitis; pneumonia
**Survives and multiplies in macrophages
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*Survives and multiplies in macrophages
**Superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as a thick peptidoglycan wall prevent activity of phagocytes  
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*Superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as a thick peptidoglycan wall prevent activity of phagocytes  
**Chronic, progressive disease
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*Chronic, progressive disease
**Positive modified Ziehl-Neelson
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*Positive modified Ziehl-Neelson
**Culture on blood agar and incubate under aerobic conditions at 37 degrees centigrade for 10 days
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*Culture on blood agar and incubate under aerobic conditions at 37 degrees centigrade for 10 days
**White, powdery colonies, adherent to the agar appear after 5 days
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*White, powdery colonies, adherent to the agar appear after 5 days
**Subculture onto Sabouraud dextrose agar yields wrinkled, orange colonies
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*Subculture onto Sabouraud dextrose agar yields wrinkled, orange colonies
**Lesions difficult to treat due to resistance of organisms to many antimicrobials (e.g. penicillins)
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*Lesions difficult to treat due to resistance of organisms to many antimicrobials (e.g. penicillins)
**Cell-mediated immunity required
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*Cell-mediated immunity required
 
[[Category:Nocardia species]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:Pig]][[Category:Cattle]]
 
[[Category:Nocardia species]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:Pig]][[Category:Cattle]]
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]
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