Changes

Jump to navigation Jump to search
14 bytes added ,  11:02, 3 November 2010
Line 4: Line 4:  
==Clinical Significance==
 
==Clinical Significance==
 
Azotaemia may cause the clinical syndrome of [[Uraemia|'''uraemia''']], affecting multiple organ systems.  The causes of azotaemia are usually divided into pre-renal, renal and post-renal:
 
Azotaemia may cause the clinical syndrome of [[Uraemia|'''uraemia''']], affecting multiple organ systems.  The causes of azotaemia are usually divided into pre-renal, renal and post-renal:
*'''Pre-renal azotaemia''' occurs when the kidney receives insufficient oxygen to maintain its metabolism:
+
===Pre-renal azotaemia===
**'''Dehydration/hypovolaemia''', reducing renal blood flow.
+
This occurs when the kidney receives insufficient oxygen to maintain its metabolism:
**'''Heart failure''' results in a reduced cardiac output, reducing renal blood flow.
+
*'''Dehydration/hypovolaemia''', reducing renal blood flow.
**'''Anaemia''' reduces the amount of oxygen delivered to the kidneys.
+
*'''Heart failure''' results in a reduced cardiac output, reducing renal blood flow.
**'''Portal hypertension''' may result in splanchnic pooling of blood and reduced renal blood flow.
+
*'''Anaemia''' reduces the amount of oxygen delivered to the kidneys.
*'''Renal azotaemia''' results from direct insults to the kidney:
+
*'''Portal hypertension''' may result in splanchnic pooling of blood and reduced renal blood flow.
**'''Exogenous toxins''' including heavy metals, [[Aminoglycosides|aminoglycosides]], [[Tetracyclines|tetracyclines]], polymixin B, cisplatin, lilies in cats and grapes in dogs.
+
===Renal azotaemia===
**'''Endogenous toxins''' including haemoglobin, myoglobin and calcium.
+
This occurs following a direct insult to the kidney:
**Infection as in '''pyelonephritis''', '''interstitial nephritis''' (as caused by [[Leptospirosis - Cats and Dogs|''Leptospira spp.'']] or '''granulomatous nephritis''' (as caused by the dry form of [[Feline Infectious Peritonitis]]).
+
*'''Exogenous toxins''' including heavy metals, [[Aminoglycosides|aminoglycosides]], [[Tetracyclines|tetracyclines]], polymixin B, cisplatin, lilies in cats and grapes in dogs.
**'''Glomerulonephritis''' and '''[[Amyloidosis|amyloidosis]]'''.
+
*'''Endogenous toxins''' including haemoglobin, myoglobin and calcium.
**'''Neoplasia''', including adenocarcinoma in dogs and lymphoma in cats.
+
*Infection as in '''pyelonephritis''', '''interstitial nephritis''' (as caused by [[Leptospirosis - Cats and Dogs|''Leptospira spp.'']] or '''granulomatous nephritis''' (as caused by the dry form of [[Feline Infectious Peritonitis]]).
*'''Post-renal azotaemia''' results from obstructions to the urinary tract:
+
*'''Glomerulonephritis''' and '''[[Amyloidosis|amyloidosis]]'''.
**'''[[Urolithiasis - Small Animal|Urolithiasis]]'''
+
*'''Neoplasia''', including adenocarcinoma in dogs and lymphoma in cats.
**'''Rupture of the urinary tract''', often due to trauma and causing [[Uroabdomen|uroabdomen]].
+
===Post-renal azotaemia===
**'''Neoplasia''', including transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and prostatic neoplasia.
+
This occurs following obstructions within the urinary tract:
 +
*'''[[Urolithiasis - Small Animal|Urolithiasis]]'''
 +
*'''Rupture of the urinary tract''', often due to trauma and causing [[Uroabdomen|uroabdomen]].
 +
*'''Neoplasia''', including transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and prostatic neoplasia.
       
[[Category:Blood Biochemistry Changes]]
 
[[Category:Blood Biochemistry Changes]]
5,582

edits

Navigation menu