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−Hyperphosphataemia occurs from excessive dietary phosphorus, hypervitaminosis D and renal disease. Phosphorus may be the only biochemical parameter increased in renal failure. Hypophosphataemia may occur with anorexia, starvation or other nutritional imbalances. A calcium:phosphorus ratio of less than 1:1 is suggestive of renal disease.+
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==Phosphorus==
−[[Category:Lizard_and_Snake_Glossary]]
+Phosphorus is the third most abundent intracellular ion:
+#Potassium
+#Magnesium
+#Phosphorus (as Phosphate)
+Within the body it is found as Phosphate ions or Phosphate within bone.
+The majority (~95%) is combined with Calcium in bone, forming Hydroxyapatite. Less than 1% is found in the extracelullar fluid.
+==Homeostasis==
+Serum concentrations of phosphorus are maintained by dietary sources. It is absorbed across the intestine via ''Passive diffusion'' and ''[[Calcium#Calcitriol (Active Vitamin D3)|Vitamin D]] mediated active transport''.
+Phosphorus is excreted in the urine or saliva (particularly in ruminants).
+===Hormonal Regulation===
+[[Calcium#Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)|'''PTH''']]
+*Mobilises phosphorus from bone, acting to increase plasma concentration of P
+*Increases phosphorus loss in the urine and saliva, acting to decrease plasma concentration
+So ultimately, PTH acts to remove phosphorus from the body entirely.
+[[Calcium#Calcitriol (Active Vitamin D3)|'''Calcitriol''']]
+*Increases phosphorus absorbtion from the intestines
+==Pathology==
+Diseases relating to phosphorus homeostasis include:
+*[[Bones Metabolic - Pathology#Primary hyperparathyroidism |Primary and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism]]
+*[[Kidney Renal Failure - Pathology#Uraemia |Hyperphosphataemia]]
+*Hypophosphatemia
+==Test yourself with the Phosphorus Homeostasis Flashcards==
+[[Phosphorus_Homeostasis_Flash_Cards_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|Phosphorus Homeostasis Flashcards]]
+[[Category:Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
+[[Category:Electrolytes]]