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− | [[Image:Active Immunisation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Active Immunisation - Copyright nabrown RVC]] | + | [[Image:Active Immunisation.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Active Immunisation - Copyright nabrown RVC]] |
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| ===Active immunisation=== | | ===Active immunisation=== |
− | *Administer antigen so the patient develops its own [[Immunoglobulins|antibodies]] to protect against disease
| + | Active immunisation requires the administration of antigen so the patient develops thier own [[Immunoglobulins|antibodies]] to protect against disease. Suitable antigens include: |
| **Living organisms | | **Living organisms |
| **Dead organisms | | **Dead organisms |
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| '''Advantages''' | | '''Advantages''' |
− | *Long duration of action | + | *Long duration of action; once [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] is produced against the antigen, [[B cell differentiation#Memory cells|memory cells]] are formed which continue circulating in the body |
− | **Once [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] is produced against the antigen, [[B cell differentiation#Memory cells|memory cells]] are formed which continue circulating in the body
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− | **For further information on memory cells click [[B cell differentiation|here]]
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| '''Disadvantages''' | | '''Disadvantages''' |
− | *Delay in protection
| + | *The host's immune system needs to evoke an immune response against the antigen which can take a few days |
− | **The host's immune system needs to evoke an immune response against the antigen which can take a few days
| + | *Can require two or more doses to be effective; the first dose initiates the '''priming''' reaction where [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] production ceases after a few weeks, but the second and subsequent doses create [[B cell differentiation#Memory cells|memory cells]] which remain in the circulation for a much longer period of time |
− | **For further information on the [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] response click [[:Category:Adaptive Immune System|Adaptive Immune System]] | |
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− | *Often needs two or more doses
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− | **The first dose initiates the '''priming''' reaction where [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] production ceases after a few weeks, but the second and subsequent doses create [[B cell differentiation#Memory cells|memory cells]] which remain in the circulation for a much longer period of time
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− | **For further information on the T cell independent and dependent responses click [[B cell differentiation#T-Cell Dependent and Independent Responses|here]]
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− | ==What antigen(s) do we use in the vaccine?== | + | ==Vaccine Antigens== |
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| ===Whole Organism=== | | ===Whole Organism=== |