Changes

* Success rate is 70% from a single insemination (same as natural service)

* Success rate is 70% from a single insemination (same as natural service)

* Farmers inseminate the herd themselves.

* Farmers inseminate the herd themselves.

* A hand is used to grasp the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] of the cow and a delivery pipette is inserted through the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] into the uterine body which is felt with the index finger.

* A hand is used to grasp the [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] of the cow and a delivery pipette is inserted through the [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] into the uterine body which is felt with the index finger.

* Allows further advance of the semen than natural insemination would reach ([[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|anterior vagina]]).

* Allows further advance of the semen than natural insemination would reach ([[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|anterior vagina]]).

* Only 2-8 million live sperm are required in the semen to achieve fertility in cattle.

* Only 2-8 million live sperm are required in the semen to achieve fertility in cattle.

=== Sheep ===

=== Sheep ===

* The ewe has a convex [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] with overlapping folds.  Insemination is into the internal os of the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]].

* The ewe has a convex [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] with overlapping folds.  Insemination is into the internal os of the [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]].

* 0.25 ml or less is delivered by pipette.

* 0.25 ml or less is delivered by pipette.

* 70-75% conception rate is achieved with fresh semen, but only 5-15% with frozen semen due to the site of delivery being so far from the site of [[Fertilisation%2C_Implantation_and_Early_Embryonic_Development_-Fertilisation- Anatomy & Physiology|fertilization]].

* 70-75% conception rate is achieved with fresh semen, but only 5-15% with frozen semen due to the site of delivery being so far from the site of [[Fertilisation%2C_Implantation_and_Early_Embryonic_Development_-Fertilisation- Anatomy & Physiology|fertilization]].

* Minimum volume 25-50ml  

* Minimum volume 25-50ml  

* Normally 80ml is delivered through the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] to reach the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_- Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]] by gravitational flow.

* Normally 80ml is delivered through the [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] to reach the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_- Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]] by gravitational flow.

* Uses 2-3 billion sperm per insemination (60 billion in a normal ejaculate), so is relatively inefficient only giving ~20 inseminations per [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Copulatory_Behaviour_- Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculate]].

* Uses 2-3 billion sperm per insemination (60 billion in a normal ejaculate), so is relatively inefficient only giving ~20 inseminations per [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Copulatory_Behaviour_- Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculate]].

* Gloved, lubricated hand is inserted directly into the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]].

* Gloved, lubricated hand is inserted directly into the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]].

* Index finger is used to guide the insemination pipette into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervical lumen]].

* Index finger is used to guide the insemination pipette into the [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervical lumen]].

* Marker used to guage the depth of insemination.

* Marker used to guage the depth of insemination.

* Vulva is elevated manually so that the ventral 'tilt' of the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vestibule]] is removed.

* Vulva is elevated manually so that the ventral 'tilt' of the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vestibule]] is removed.

* Allows the insemination pipette to be inserted with relative ease.

* Allows the insemination pipette to be inserted with relative ease.

* Hindquarters of the bitch should be elevated for ~5 minutes after deposition of the semen to allow pooling in the anterior [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]] and caudal [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]].

* Hindquarters of the bitch should be elevated for ~5 minutes after deposition of the semen to allow pooling in the anterior [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]] and caudal [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]].

[[Category:Reproductive System]]

[[Category:Reproductive System]]