Changes

== Overview ==

== Overview ==

* There is immediate retrograde loss at the entrance to the [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]]/[[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_- Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]] with phagocytosis by leukocytes.

* There is immediate retrograde loss at the entrance to the [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]]/[[Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]] with phagocytosis by leukocytes.

* In the [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]], sperm must travel through privileged pathways.  This serves to eliminate non-motile sprem and remove some abnormalities.

* In the [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]], sperm must travel through privileged pathways.  This serves to eliminate non-motile sprem and remove some abnormalities.

* In the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_- Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]], capacitation is initiated with some phagocytosis occuring.

* In the [[Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]], capacitation is initiated with some phagocytosis occuring.

* In the [[Oviduct - Anatomy & Physiology|oviduct]], capacitation is completed and sperm show hyperactive motility.

* In the [[Oviduct - Anatomy & Physiology|oviduct]], capacitation is completed and sperm show hyperactive motility.

* Sperm attach to the cillia of the epithelium in the isthmus of the [[Oviduct - Anatomy & Physiology|oviduct]] to form a functional reservoir.  Only thousands from the initial millions in the ejaculate form this store, as 5-98% may be eliminated by retrograde flow or phagocytosis in the early female tract.

* Sperm attach to the cillia of the epithelium in the isthmus of the [[Oviduct - Anatomy & Physiology|oviduct]] to form a functional reservoir.  Only thousands from the initial millions in the ejaculate form this store, as 5-98% may be eliminated by retrograde flow or phagocytosis in the early female tract.

* If semen is deposited in the cranial vagina, capacitation may begin as sperm ascend the [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]].

* If semen is deposited in the cranial vagina, capacitation may begin as sperm ascend the [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]].

* If semen is deposited in the caudal [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] (mare) or mid-[[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] (sow) and immediately enters the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_- Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]], capacitation is initiated in the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_- Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]] and completed in the isthmus of the [[Oviduct - Anatomy & Physiology|oviduct]].

* If semen is deposited in the caudal [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] (mare) or mid-[[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] (sow) and immediately enters the [[Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]], capacitation is initiated in the [[Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]] and completed in the isthmus of the [[Oviduct - Anatomy & Physiology|oviduct]].

* During capacitation, the plasma membrane of the sperm undergoes marked biochemical changes.

* During capacitation, the plasma membrane of the sperm undergoes marked biochemical changes.

* During mixing of sperm with seminal plasma, epididymal sperm become coated in seminal plasma proteins.  These are stripped by the female tract environment.  These proteins were the decapacitating agents that were rendering the sperm incapable of fertilization.

* During mixing of sperm with seminal plasma, epididymal sperm become coated in seminal plasma proteins.  These are stripped by the female tract environment.  These proteins were the decapacitating agents that were rendering the sperm incapable of fertilization.