Changes

== Male Reproductive Tract and Reproductive Behaviour==

== Male Reproductive Tract and Reproductive Behaviour==

The anatomy of the male reproductive tract includes the [[Male Reproductive Tract -The External Genetalia - Anatomy & Physiology|penis]], the [[Male Reproductive Tract -The Testes and Epididymis - Anatomy & Physiology|testes]], the [[Male Reproductive Tract -The Testes and Epididymis - Anatomy & Physiology|epididymis]] and the [[Accessory Sex Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|accessory sex glands]]. Males of different species are often referred to by specific [[Male Reproductive Tract -Useful Terms - Anatomy & Physiology|names]] which reflect their repoductive status. Males differ from females in the [[Male Reproductive Tract -Spermatogenesis and Spermiation - Anatomy & Physiology|production of sperm]] which takes place from puberty onwards - unlike females where ova are produced prior to birth. The [[Male Reproductive Tract -Spermatogenesis and Spermiation - Anatomy & Physiology|hormones]] controlling sperm production, or spermatogenesis are luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).  

The anatomy of the male reproductive tract includes the [[Penis - Anatomy & Physiology|penis]], the [[Testes and Epididymis - Anatomy & Physiology|testes]], the [[Testes and Epididymis - Anatomy & Physiology|epididymis]] and the [[Accessory Sex Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|accessory sex glands]]. Males of different species are often referred to by specific [[Male Reproductive Tract -Useful Terms - Anatomy & Physiology|names]] which reflect their repoductive status. Males differ from females in the [[Spermatogenesis and Spermiation - Anatomy & Physiology|production of sperm]] which takes place from puberty onwards - unlike females where ova are produced prior to birth. The [[Spermatogenesis and Spermiation - Anatomy & Physiology|hormones]] controlling sperm production, or spermatogenesis are luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).  

The [[Reproductive Behaviour - Nervous Pathway Eliciting Reproductive Motor Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|neurological pathways]] that control reproductive behaviour are similar to the female, but the response is male specific and includes [[Reproductive Behaviour - Pre-copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|pre-copulatory]], [[Reproductive Behaviour - Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|copulatory]] and [[Reproductive Behaviour - Post-Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|post-copulatory]] behaviour.

The [[Reproductive Behaviour - Nervous Pathway Eliciting Reproductive Motor Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|neurological pathways]] that control reproductive behaviour are similar to the female, but the response is male specific and includes [[Reproductive Behaviour - Pre-copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|pre-copulatory]], [[Reproductive Behaviour - Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|copulatory]] and [[Reproductive Behaviour - Post-Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|post-copulatory]] behaviour.

== Fertilisation, Implantation and Early Embryonic Development ==

== Fertilisation, Implantation and Early Embryonic Development ==

After mating has occured, sperm must [[Copulation -Sperm in the Female Tract - Anatomy & Physiology|travel]] along the female reproductive tract towards the uterus in order to [[Fertilisation, Implantation and Early Embryonic Development -Fertilisation- Anatomy & Physiology|fertilise]] the oocyte. A single spermatazoon penetrates the oocyte and the male and female pronuclei fuse to form an ootid which divides repeatedly to form the [[Blastocyst Embryonic Development - Anatomy & Physiology|blastocyst]]. At this stage the genetic sex of the offspring is determined as male gametes are [[Fertilisation, Implantation and Early Embryonic Development -Sexual Differentiation- Anatomy & Physiology|heterogametic]]. The blastocyst continues to divide and grow until the outer layer, the zona pellucida ruptures and the blastocyst 'hatches' and becomes free floating within the uterus. The blastocyt continues to grow and develop until it becomes an embryo with placental and embryonic membranes such as the amniotic sac; the placental membranes then attach to the uterine endometrium in a process known as [[Fertilisation, Implantation and Early Embryonic Development -Implantation- Anatomy & Physiology|implantation]]. During embryonic development the process of [[Male Reproductive Tract -Internal and External Genitalia Development - Anatomy & Physiology|sexual differentiation]] begins.

After mating has occured, sperm must [[Copulation -Sperm in the Female Tract - Anatomy & Physiology|travel]] along the female reproductive tract towards the uterus in order to [[Fertilisation, Implantation and Early Embryonic Development -Fertilisation- Anatomy & Physiology|fertilise]] the oocyte. A single spermatazoon penetrates the oocyte and the male and female pronuclei fuse to form an ootid which divides repeatedly to form the [[Blastocyst Embryonic Development - Anatomy & Physiology|blastocyst]]. At this stage the genetic sex of the offspring is determined as male gametes are [[Fertilisation, Implantation and Early Embryonic Development -Sexual Differentiation- Anatomy & Physiology|heterogametic]]. The blastocyst continues to divide and grow until the outer layer, the zona pellucida ruptures and the blastocyst 'hatches' and becomes free floating within the uterus. The blastocyt continues to grow and develop until it becomes an embryo with placental and embryonic membranes such as the amniotic sac; the placental membranes then attach to the uterine endometrium in a process known as [[Fertilisation, Implantation and Early Embryonic Development -Implantation- Anatomy & Physiology|implantation]]. During embryonic development the process of [[Internal and External Genitalia Development - Anatomy & Physiology|sexual differentiation]] begins.

== Pregnancy and Parturition ==

== Pregnancy and Parturition ==