View source for Porcine Adenovirus

Also Known As: '''''pADV 1-5 — pADV A-C'''''

==Introduction==
Porcine adenovirus causes [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] and gastrointestinal disease in piglets and also often being implicated in '''multifactorial respiratory''' diseases.

pADV-4 is thought to be the most pathogenic of the porcine [[Adenoviridae|adenoviruses]].

==Distribution==
Worldwide 

Transmission is '''faecal:oral'''

==Signalment==
pADV is only known to affect '''swine.'''

==Clinical Signs==
pADV is a '''low grade pathogen''', associated with short duration mild clinical signs.

'''[[Diarrhoea]], inappetance, dehydration and anorexia''' often present in various degrees of severity.

'''Dullness, depression, lethargy, listlessness and tremors''' may develop, often secondary to dehydration.

'''Reproductive''' disease may present as abortion and stillbirth pigs.

Respiratory disease, e.g. cough, dyspnoea, blue extremities etc. often develops when combined with other pathogens.

Subclinical and asymptomatic infections are common.

==Diagnosis==
Histologically, pADV causes formation of '''nuclear inclusion bodies''' in the intestinal cells<ref> Buller, C. R., Moxley, R. A. (1988) '''Natural infection of porcine ileal dome M cells with rotavirus and enteric adenovirus.''''' Vet Path'', 25(6):516-517; 9</ref>.

'''Viral isolation can be performed in tissue cultures'''. Cells infected become rounded and enlarged and then detach from the vessel.

Viral particles can be seen via '''electron microscopy''' up to 6 days post infection. 

'''Immunoperoxidase and [[Immunofluorescence|immunofluorescent]]''' staining can demonstrate viral antigen.

'''Antibodies''' can be detected serologically with '''[[immunodiffusion]], [[Complement Fixation|complement fixation]], serum neutralisation and [[ELISA testing|ELISA]].'''

==Treatment==
'''None''' is usually necessary as disease is mild and/or transient.

==Control==
'''None''' is usually practised although a study has demonstrated beneficial use of a vaccine<ref> Kadoi, K (1997) '''Beneficial use of inactivated porcine adenovirus vaccine and antibody response of young pigs.''''' New Microbiol''. 20:89-91</ref>

{{Learning
|flashcards = [[Porcine Adenovirus Flashcards]]
}}

==References==
<references/>
Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Porcine Adenovirus datasheet''', accessed 16/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Porcine Adenovirus infection datasheet''', accessed 16/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/


{{review}}
[[Category:Adenoviridae]]
[[Category:Gastric Diseases - Pig]][[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Pig]]
[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Pig]]
[[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Pig]]
[[Category:Pig Viruses]]
[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]