View source for Viral skin infections - Pathology

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{{toplink
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|linkpage =Integumentary System - Pathology
|linktext =Integumentary System 
|maplink = Integumentary System (Content Map) - Pathology
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|subtext1 = SKIN INFECTIOUS
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===[[Herpesviridae|Herpesviruses]]===

*Cutaneous lesions may develop with nondermatotropic viruses:
**[[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)|Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis]] (bovine herpes virus - 1)
**Equine coital exanthema (equine herpes virus - 3)
**[[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Feline viral rhinotracheitis|Feline herpes virus -1]] (rarely)
*Dermatotropic viruses:
[[Bovine Herpesvirus 2]]


*May be latent and reappear at times of stress
*Grossly:
**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Vesicles, ulcers, crusts]]
*Microscopically:
**Intraepidermal vesicle
**Epidermal cell degeneration
**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Acantholysis]]
**Syncytial cells may form
**Intracellular inclusion bodies may be found at edges of ulcers
**Rapid necrosis

===[[Poxviruses]]===

*Lesion development:
**Due to viral invasion of epithelium
**Vascular injury -> ischaemic necrosis
**Stimulation of host DNA -> hyperplastic nodules
*Cutaneous lesions:
**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Macule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|papule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|vesicle]] -> umbilicated [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|crust]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|scar]]

====Contagious ecthyma====
[[Image: Contagious ecthyma.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Contagious ecthyma (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]]

*Also called '''contagious pustular dermatitis, orf, sore mouth'''
*Caused by a [[Poxviridae|parapox virus]]
*Affects mainly young sheep, less commonly cattle, humans, dogs
*Starts in abrasions around mouth commisures and spreads to [[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|lips]], oral mucosa, eyelids and feet
*May also transfer to teats of the mother of an affected lamb
*Lesions typical of poxvirus but very brief vesicle stage
*Most obvious is the proliferative pustular stage

===Other viruses===
*Cutaneous lesion are seen with:
**[[Picornaviridae]]
***[[Foot and Mouth Disease|Foot-and-mouth disease]]
***[[Swine Vesicular Disease|Swine vesicular disease]]
**[[Rhabdoviridae]]
***Vesicular stomatitis
**[[Caliciviridae]]
***Vesicular exanthema
**[[Retroviridae]]
***'''Feline leukemia virus''' 
****Cutaneous horns on foot pads
****Epidermal and follicular epithelial hyperplasia, epidermal giant cells, dyskeratosis, necrosis, ulceration
***'''Feline immunodeficiency virus'''