Difference between revisions of "Carnivore Mammary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology"
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== General Structure == | == General Structure == | ||
| + | * Each mammary complex consists of '''5-20 mammary units''' and their corresponding ducts. | ||
| + | * Ducts open separately on the tip of the teat. | ||
| + | * Shallow grooves indicate the border between complexes. | ||
| + | * '''Intermammary Sulcus''' divides the right from the left row. | ||
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| − | == | + | === Bitch === |
| + | |||
| + | * Usually '''10 mammary complexes'''. | ||
| + | * Arranged in two bilaterally symmetrical rows. | ||
| + | * Extend from the ventral '''thoracic to inguinal''' region. | ||
| − | + | ''N.B: Not always symmetrical and number of complexes may vary 8-12.'' | |
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=== Cat === | === Cat === | ||
| − | Usually | + | * Usually '''8 mammary complexes'''. |
| + | * Arranged in two bilaterally symmetrical rows. | ||
| + | * Extend from the ventral '''thoracic to abdominal''' region. | ||
== Appearance == | == Appearance == | ||
| − | Juvenile | + | * Juvenile/non-lactating: inconspicuous mammary complexes with short teats. |
| + | * Lactation: Mammary complexes increase in size and become hemi-spherical in shape. | ||
| + | * Varies among breeds and individuals. | ||
== Blood Supply == | == Blood Supply == | ||
| − | + | * Additional supply from mammary branches of the '''lateral thoracic artery'''. | |
== Lymphatics == | == Lymphatics == | ||
| − | Lymph from the cranial thoracic mammary complex | + | * Lymph from the cranial thoracic mammary complex drains into both the '''axillary''' and '''superficial cervical''' lymph node. |
| + | * Lymph from the cranial abdominal mammary complex can either drain into the '''axillary''' or '''superficial inguinal''' lymph node. | ||
| + | * Lymph from the caudal abdominal mammary complex may also drain into the '''medial iliac''' lymph nodes. | ||
| + | * '''Interconnection''' between left and right superficial inguinal lymph nodes. | ||
== Complications == | == Complications == | ||
| − | Changes characteristic of the cycle of the bitch include | + | * Changes characteristic of the cycle of the bitch include growth and proliferation of the mammary gland with each cycle even if the bitch does not conceive. |
| + | * Frequent proliferation and subsequent [[Lactation - Anatomy & Physiology#Involution|involution]] predisposes the bitch to [[Neoplasia - Pathology#Examples of Tumour Types|mammary tumours]]. | ||
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[[Category:Female Reproduction]][[Category:Cat - Integumentary System]][[Category:Dog - Integumentary System]] | [[Category:Female Reproduction]][[Category:Cat - Integumentary System]][[Category:Dog - Integumentary System]] | ||
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Revision as of 15:46, 20 December 2010
General Structure
- Each mammary complex consists of 5-20 mammary units and their corresponding ducts.
- Ducts open separately on the tip of the teat.
- Shallow grooves indicate the border between complexes.
- Intermammary Sulcus divides the right from the left row.
Bitch
- Usually 10 mammary complexes.
- Arranged in two bilaterally symmetrical rows.
- Extend from the ventral thoracic to inguinal region.
N.B: Not always symmetrical and number of complexes may vary 8-12.
Cat
- Usually 8 mammary complexes.
- Arranged in two bilaterally symmetrical rows.
- Extend from the ventral thoracic to abdominal region.
Appearance
- Juvenile/non-lactating: inconspicuous mammary complexes with short teats.
- Lactation: Mammary complexes increase in size and become hemi-spherical in shape.
- Varies among breeds and individuals.
Blood Supply
- Additional supply from mammary branches of the lateral thoracic artery.
Lymphatics
- Lymph from the cranial thoracic mammary complex drains into both the axillary and superficial cervical lymph node.
- Lymph from the cranial abdominal mammary complex can either drain into the axillary or superficial inguinal lymph node.
- Lymph from the caudal abdominal mammary complex may also drain into the medial iliac lymph nodes.
- Interconnection between left and right superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
Complications
- Changes characteristic of the cycle of the bitch include growth and proliferation of the mammary gland with each cycle even if the bitch does not conceive.
- Frequent proliferation and subsequent involution predisposes the bitch to mammary tumours.