Difference between revisions of "Category:Colic in Horses"

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[[Image:Rolling horse.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<small><center> (Image courtesy of Lily M, WikiMedia Commons)</center></small>]]
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Colic in horses is the behavioral manifestation of abdominal pain, and can be caused by a wide variety of conditions.  Many of these conditions are life threatening, and therefore it is essential to diagnose and treat cases of colic as quickly as possible or refer them to a surgical facility. The most common causes of colic are gastrointestinal such as mucosal irritation, intestinal spasm, distention of the bowel, tension on the mesentery or ischaemia of the gut wall. These are all categorised as visceral pain. It can also be caused by other abdominal conditions in which case, it is often called false colic.  Treatment of colic is largely dependent upon identifying the underlying reason for the pain, and treating this cause appropriately.  Most commonly this is done medically, but in a small percentage of cases, surgical intervention is needed.  Among domesticated horses, colic is a major cause of premature death. The incidence of colic in the general horse population has been estimated between 10 and 20 percent on an annual basis. It is important that any person who owns or works with horses be able to recognize the signs of colic, so that a veterinarian may be called promptly, before the horse's condition deteriorates.
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Colic in horses is defined as abdominal pain, and can be caused by a wide variety of conditions.  Many of these conditions are life threatening, and therefore it is essential to diagnose and treat cases of colic as quickly as possible. The most common causes of colic are gastrointestinal conditions, although it can also be caused by other abdominal conditions.  In the latter case, it is often called false colic.  Treatment of colic is largely dependent upon identifying the underlying reason for the pain, and treating this cause appropriately.  Most commonly this is done medically, but in a small percentage of cases, surgical intervention is needed.  Among domesticated horses, colic is a major cause of premature death. The incidence of colic in the general horse population has been estimated between 10 and 20 percent on an annual basis. It is important that any person who owns or works with horses be able to recognize the signs of colic, so that a veterinarian may be called promptly, before the horse's condition deteriorates.
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<categorytree mode=pages>Colic in Horses</categorytree>
  
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[[Pathophysiology of Colic in Horses|Pathophysiology]]
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[[Clinical Signs of Colic in the Horse|Clinical Signs]]
 
  
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[[Diagnosing Colic in the Horse|Diagnosis]]
 
  
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[[Medical Colic in the Horse|Medical Conditions]]
 
  
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===Surgical Conditions===
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[[Colic, Surgical Treatment|Surgical Treatment]]
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====Small Intestine====
 
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=====Impaction=====
 
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Association with ascarid infection<ref>Cribb NC, Cote NM, Bouré LP, Peregrine AS. (2006). ''Acute small intestinal obstruction associated with Parascaris equorum infection in young horses: 25 cases (1985-2004).''. New Zealand Veterinary Journal</ref>
 
  
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=====Intussusception=====
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[[Post-surgical management of Horses with Colic|Post-surgical Management]]
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This is a condition in which one part of the intestine "telescopes" inside another.  Usually this obstructs the blood flow to the inner part, and so forms a strangulating obstruction.  Intussusception can occur within the small intestine, and also between small intestine and caecum (ileo-caecal intussusception).  The latter is predisposed by Anoplocephala perfoliata tapeworm infection.  When working up an acute abdominal case, it must be borne in mind that this form of colic is serious and necessitates surgery, however, peritoneal fluid changes will not usually be seen, as will often be found in a surgical colic.  This is because the strangulated portion of gut (the inside of the "telescope"), is contained within an intact piece of intestine, so leaking fluid and protein is contained from the peritoneal cavity.
 
  
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=====Herniation/entrapment=====
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[[Colic Prevention in Horses|Prevention]]
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*Inguinal canal
 
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*Umbilical hernia
 
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*Epiploic foramen
 
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*Mesenteric rents/tears
 
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*Diaphragmatic hernia
 
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*Mesodiverticular bands
 
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*Gastrosplenic ligament
 
  
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=====Pedunculated lipoma=====
 
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=====Volvulus (nodosus)=====
 
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=====Rotation of mesenteric root=====
 
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====Caecum====
 
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=====Caeco-caecal intussusception=====
 
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=====Torsion=====
 
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=====Impaction=====
 
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====Large Colon====
 
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=====Torsion=====
 
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=====Left dorsal displacement=====
 
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=====Right dorsal displacement=====
 
  
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=====Sand impaction=====
 
  
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=====Enterolith=====
 
  
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====Small Colon====
 
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=====Faecolith=====
 
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=====Enterolith=====
 
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=====Strangulating lipoma=====
 
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====Any location====
 
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=====Foreign body=====
 
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===False colic===
 
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Signs of colic may be caused by abdominal pain not associated with the gastro-intestinal tract, for example, pain associated with uterine or [[testis|testicular]] torsion, or originating from  the [[kidney]]s, [[liver]], [[ovary|ovaries]], spleen,  [[pleuritis]], or pleuropneumonia.  Other diseases which sometimes cause symptoms which appear similar to colic include [[laminitis]] and [[Equine Exertional Rhabdomyolysis|exertional rhabdomyolysis]].
 
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==Clinical signs==
 
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*Pawing and/or scraping
 
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*Stretching
 
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*Frequent attempts to urinate
 
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*Flank watching
 
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*Pacing
 
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*Repeated [[flehmen]] response
 
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*Repeated lying down and rising
 
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*Rolling
 
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*Groaning
 
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*[[Bruxism]]
 
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*Excess salivation
 
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*Inappetance
 
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*Decreased faecal output
 
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*Increased pulse rate
 
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*Dark mucous membranes
 
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==Medical Treatment==
 
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==Surgical Treatment==
 
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==Post-surgical Management==
 
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==Prevention==
 
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==Epidemiology==
 
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===Incidence===
 
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Colic occurs relatively frequently in horses, with an incidence estimated at 0.1-0.2 episodes per horse-year.  In context, this would mean an average holding of 100 horses could reasonably expect to see 10-20 cases every year.
 
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===Classification===
 
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Approximately 90% of colic episodes can be succesfully managed using medical treatments, with the remainder requiring surgery.  Assuming surgical and medical cases of colic are accurately distinguished, survival rates of 95% and 80% are considered normal for medical and surgical colic, respectively.
 
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===Post-operative Survival===
 
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Studies have shown that there is an increased risk of death with certain factors:
 
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*Abnormal [[hematocrit|Packed Cell Volume]] (PCV) on presentation
 
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*Increased length of intestine resected
 
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*Increased duration of surgery
 
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*Elevated peripheral lactate
 
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*Elevated peritoneal fluid lactate
 
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[[Colic in Horses]]
 
  
 
==See Also==
 
==See Also==
 
*[[equine anatomy#Digestive system|Equine gastrointestinal anatomy]]
 
*[[equine anatomy#Digestive system|Equine gastrointestinal anatomy]]
 
*[[Equine nutrition]]
 
*[[Equine nutrition]]
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==Further Reading==
 
==Further Reading==
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==References==
 
==References==
 
{{reflist}}
 
{{reflist}}
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[[Category:Alimentary_Disorders]][[Category:Horse]]
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[[Category:Colic]]
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[[Category:Alimentary Diseases - Horse|A]]

Latest revision as of 12:30, 7 January 2011

Colic in Horses

Colic in horses is the behavioral manifestation of abdominal pain, and can be caused by a wide variety of conditions. Many of these conditions are life threatening, and therefore it is essential to diagnose and treat cases of colic as quickly as possible or refer them to a surgical facility. The most common causes of colic are gastrointestinal such as mucosal irritation, intestinal spasm, distention of the bowel, tension on the mesentery or ischaemia of the gut wall. These are all categorised as visceral pain. It can also be caused by other abdominal conditions in which case, it is often called false colic. Treatment of colic is largely dependent upon identifying the underlying reason for the pain, and treating this cause appropriately. Most commonly this is done medically, but in a small percentage of cases, surgical intervention is needed. Among domesticated horses, colic is a major cause of premature death. The incidence of colic in the general horse population has been estimated between 10 and 20 percent on an annual basis. It is important that any person who owns or works with horses be able to recognize the signs of colic, so that a veterinarian may be called promptly, before the horse's condition deteriorates.

Content

▼ Colic in Horses
► Colic Diagnosis in the Horse
► Colic - Gastric Causes
► Colic - Small Intestinal Causes
► Colic - Small Colon Causes
► Colic - Large Colon Causes
► Colic - Caecum Causes
► Impaction - Horse
► Medical Colic in the Horse
► Surgical Colic in the Horse
  Colic Epidemiology in Horses
  Colic Pathophysiology in Horses
  Colic, Decision Making
  False Colic in the Horse
  Hyperparathyroidism



Surgical Treatment

Post-surgical Management

Prevention



See Also


Further Reading

References

Subcategories

This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total.

A

B

C

D

E

F

I

M

S

Pages in category "Colic in Horses"

The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total.

C

F

H

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