Difference between revisions of "Louping Ill"

From WikiVet English
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(5 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
{{OpenPagesTop}}
+
{{unfinished}}
−
== Introduction  ==
 
  
−
This is a viral disease affecting sheep, grouse, hares, deer, elk, small rodents, ticks and humans; therefore the disease is zoonotic. The reservoir host for this disease is hard ticks (''[[Ixodes spp.|Ixodes ricinus]]'') and this is transmitted to the host by saliva when the tick bites. Therefore, spread mirrors seasonal tick activity.
+
====Hosts====
 +
*Sheep
 +
*Grouse
 +
*Hares
 +
*Deer elk
 +
*Small rodents
 +
*Ticks (eg. ''Ixodes ricinus'')
 +
*Man
  
−
The virus replicates in [[macrophages]] causing pyrexia and then recovery. The second phase of the virus replication occurs in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and motor nuclei of the brain stem.
+
====Pathogenesis====
 +
*First phase:
 +
**Pyrexia with virus in '''macrophages'''
 +
**Recovery
 +
*Second phase:
 +
**Second replication in '''Purkinje cells''' of the cerebellum and '''motor nuclei''' of the brain stem
 +
**Trembling, torticollis, and irregular gait
 +
**In grouse: starvation
 +
**In man: flu-like symptoms can be followed by coma, but recovery normal
  
−
== Clinical Signs ==
+
====Epidemiology====
 +
*Reservoir host: '''Ticks (''Ixodes ricinus'')'''
 +
**Passed to host by '''saliva'''
 +
**Virus can be spread '''between ticks''' when co-feeding on small rodents
 +
*Spread mirrors seasonal tick activity
  
−
Signs in sheep include trembling, torticollis, and irregular gait. In grouse, the disease causes them to die of starvation. In humans, signs are flu-like and can be followed by a coma and rarely death. Usually however, recovery is normal.
+
====Diagnosis====
 +
*Clinical signs
 +
*PM: virus isolation and histopathology of brain tissue
  
−
 
+
====Control====
−
== Diagnosis  ==
+
*Sheep dipping in '''acaracides''' (vector control)
−
 
+
*'''Inactivated vaccines''' in late pregnancy can '''boost maternal antibody'''
−
Diagnosis is by presence of clinical signs, plus knowledge of tick season. Definitive diagnosis can be achieved by virus isolation and histopathology of brain tissue.
+
**Lambs inoculated >4 months of age
−
 
+
*Human vaccination where at risk
−
 
+
[[Category:Flaviviruses]][[Category:Sheep Viruses]][[Category:Poultry]][[Category:Zoonoses]][[Category:Rodents]]
−
== Control  ==
+
[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical/Viruses]]
−
 
+
[[Category:Neurological Diseases - Sheep]]
−
This can be achieved by dipping sheep in '''acaracides''' to control the vector, the tick. '''Inactivated [[vaccines]]''' in late pregnancy can be used to '''boost maternal antibody'''. Lambs are usually inoculated when over 4 months of age. A vaccine is available in humans for those at risk of the disease.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
== References ==
 
−
 
 
−
Bridger, J and Russell, P (2007) '''Virology Study Book''', ''Royal Veterinary College''
 
−
 
 
−
Radostits, O.M, Arundel, J.H, and Gay, C.C. (2000) '''Veterinary Medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
{{review}}
 
−
 
 
−
{{OpenPages}}
 
−
 
 
−
[[Category:Flaviviruses]] [[Category:Sheep_Viruses]] [[Category:Avian_Viruses]] [[Category:Zoonoses]] [[Category:Rodents]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]] [[Category:Neurological_Diseases_-_Sheep]]
 

Revision as of 19:20, 20 January 2011


 This article is still under construction.


Hosts

  • Sheep
  • Grouse
  • Hares
  • Deer elk
  • Small rodents
  • Ticks (eg. Ixodes ricinus)
  • Man

Pathogenesis

  • First phase:
    • Pyrexia with virus in macrophages
    • Recovery
  • Second phase:
    • Second replication in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and motor nuclei of the brain stem
    • Trembling, torticollis, and irregular gait
    • In grouse: starvation
    • In man: flu-like symptoms can be followed by coma, but recovery normal

Epidemiology

  • Reservoir host: Ticks (Ixodes ricinus)
    • Passed to host by saliva
    • Virus can be spread between ticks when co-feeding on small rodents
  • Spread mirrors seasonal tick activity

Diagnosis

  • Clinical signs
  • PM: virus isolation and histopathology of brain tissue

Control

  • Sheep dipping in acaracides (vector control)
  • Inactivated vaccines in late pregnancy can boost maternal antibody
    • Lambs inoculated >4 months of age
  • Human vaccination where at risk
Retrieved from "https://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Louping_Ill&oldid=105422"