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| ** Usually the result of dietary imbalance. | | ** Usually the result of dietary imbalance. |
| ** Produces metastatic vascular calcification. | | ** Produces metastatic vascular calcification. |
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− | * Hypercalcaemia should not be ignored in an unwell animal.
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− | ** The consequences of hypercalcaemia may be serious: prolonged untreated hypercalcaemia can lead to irreversible damage to many organs, particularly the kidneys.
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− | ** There are multiple causes of hypercalcaemia, but if it is caught early a specific diagnosis and treatment are often possible.
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− | * The clinical signs of hypercalcaemia are often vague.
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− | ** Signs commonly include:
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− | *** PU/PD
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− | *** Anorexia
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− | *** Dehydration
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− | *** Weakness or lethargy
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− | *** [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|Vomiting]]
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− | *** Prerenal azotaemia
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− | ** More uncommonly, hypercalcaemia may present with:
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− | *** Constipation
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− | *** Cardiac arrhythmia
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− | *** Seizures or twitching
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− | *** [[Acute Renal Failure|Acute renal failure]]
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− | *** Death
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− | * Causes of hypercalcaemia may be:
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− | *# Nonpathologic
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− | *#* This may be due to:
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− | *#** Age - young animals have naturally higher calcium levels.
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− | *#** Lab error
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− | *#** Lipaemia
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− | *#* It is important to establish whether hypercalcaemia is true before persuing further diagnosis and treatment.
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− | *# Transient...
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− | *#* ...hypoadrenocorticism
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− | *#* ...haemoconcentration
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− | *#* ...hyperproteinaemia
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− | *# Pathological
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− | *#* Malignancy
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− | *#* Lymphoma
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− | *#* [[Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma|Anal sac adenocarcinoma]]
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− | *#* [[:Category:Renal Failure|Renal failure]]
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− | *#* [[Hypervitaminosis D|Hypervitaminosis D]]
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− | *#* Granulomatous disease
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− | *#** E.g fungal infections
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− | *#* [[Hyperparathyroidism|Primary hyperparathyroidism]]
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− | *#* Skeletal lesions
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− | [[Category:Parathyroid Glands - Pathology]]
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| [[Category:Vascular Fluid]] | | [[Category:Vascular Fluid]] |
− | [[Category:Cardiology Section]]
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