Changes

* Chimerism (XX/XY) of [[Haematopoiesis - Overview|haematopoeitic cells]].  Blood tests can be used to demonstrate different chromosome complement in nucleated leukocytes and presence of two blood groups in each twin.

* Chimerism (XX/XY) of [[Haematopoiesis - Overview|haematopoeitic cells]].  Blood tests can be used to demonstrate different chromosome complement in nucleated leukocytes and presence of two blood groups in each twin.

* Rectal palpation and vaginoscopy reveal a shortened vagina  

* Rectal palpation and vaginoscopy reveal a shortened vagina  

** In calves 1-4 weeks old, the [[/Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_- Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]] is normally 13-15cm in length compared to 5-6cm in a freemartin.

** In calves 1-4 weeks old, the vagina is normally 13-15cm in length compared to 5-6cm in a freemartin.

* Vulva and vestibule patent but [[/Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_- Anatomy & Physiology|vestibule or vagina]] is blind-ended - can be checked using speculum or probe.

* Vulva and vestibule patent but vestibule or vagina is blind-ended - can be checked using speculum or probe.

 

== Morphology ==

== Morphology ==