Difference between revisions of "Skin Congenital and Hereditary - Pathology"
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− | # | + | ===Acanthosis Nigricans=== |
+ | *Occurs in Dachshunds | ||
+ | *Bilateral axillary hyperpigmentation, [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|lichenification, alopecia]] | ||
+ | *May be followed by [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Pyoderma|secondary pyoderma]] or [[Skin Other - Pathology#Secondary seborrhea|seborrhea]] | ||
+ | *Microscopically: | ||
+ | **Thickened epidermis by mainly [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|acanthosis]] | ||
+ | **[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Hyperkeratosis]] | ||
+ | **Increased melanin in epidermis | ||
+ | ondary | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Integumetary System - Developmental Pathology]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Alopecia and Hypotrichosis=== | ||
+ | *Occurs in most species | ||
+ | *Bred for in some breeds, e.g. Mexican hairless dog, Sphinx cat | ||
+ | *May be due to decreased number of hair follicles, failure of hair growth or follicular dysplasia | ||
+ | *Also associated with maternal deficiency of iodine | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Integumetary System - Developmental Pathology]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Collagen Dysplasia=== | ||
+ | [[Image: Collagen dysplasia.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Collagen dysplasia - dog tail (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]] | ||
+ | *Occurs in many species | ||
+ | *Very stretchy and loose skin that tears easily | ||
+ | *Due to variety of defects of enzyme necessary for collagen synthesis or processing | ||
+ | *Histologically: | ||
+ | **Varies depending on cause | ||
+ | **May appear normal | ||
+ | **Collagen bundles varied in shape, size and their organisation | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Integumetary System - Developmental Pathology]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Epidermolysis Bullosa=== | ||
+ | [[Image: Epidermolysis bullosa.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Epidermolysis bullosa in a lamb (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]] | ||
+ | *Also called '''Red Foot Disease''' | ||
+ | *Occurs in sheep, dogs, cattle and horses | ||
+ | *Development of cutaneous blisters | ||
+ | *Varies depending on hereditary cause | ||
+ | *Affected animals tend not to survive | ||
+ | *Lesions appear at surfaces that are easily damaged, ''e.g.'' oral mucosa, feet | ||
+ | *Microscopically: | ||
+ | **Epidermal vesicular disease | ||
+ | **Healing displaces lesions more dorsally | ||
+ | **May become infected and form [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustules]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Integumetary System - Developmental Pathology]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta]]=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Hypertrichosis=== | ||
+ | *Increased hair growth | ||
+ | *Both congenital or hereditary | ||
+ | *In sheep may be caused by [[Flaviviridae#Pestiviruses|Border Disease virus]] | ||
+ | *Microscopically: | ||
+ | **Enlarged primary follicles and wool fibres | ||
+ | *Also accociated with maternal hyperthermia | ||
+ | ===Ichthyosis=== | ||
+ | *Inherited cutaneous disease | ||
+ | *Occurs in dogs and cattle | ||
+ | *Grossly: | ||
+ | **Thickened skin due to [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|hyperkeratosis]] | ||
+ | **May crack resembling fish scales | ||
+ | *Increased adherence of keratocytes preventing normal desquamation | ||
+ | *In cattle occurs in two forms: | ||
+ | **Ichthiosis fetalis - fatal, stillborn calves or die within days of birth | ||
+ | **Ichthiosis congenita - folded and thickened skin, fissures and partial [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|alopecia]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Integumetary System - Developmental Pathology]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Photosensitisation=== | ||
+ | *May be due to inherited defects | ||
+ | *See [[Skin Environmental - Pathology#Photosensitisation|HERE]] | ||
+ | ===Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis=== | ||
+ | *Also called '''Pityriasis Rosea''' | ||
+ | *Occurs in pigs | ||
+ | *Symmetric lesions on the abdomen, loin and medial thigh | ||
+ | *Start as small [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|papules]] covered by brown [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|crusts]] | ||
+ | *-> lesions join and spread -> umbilicated [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|plaques]] containing white centres with erythematous and scaly borders | ||
+ | *Similar to [[Skin Infectious - Pathology|dermatophytosis]] | ||
+ | *Histologically: | ||
+ | **Epidermal hyperplasia, [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|parakeratosis]], epidermal [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustules]] and superficial perivascular dermatitis | ||
+ | *For more detail see [[Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Integumetary System - Developmental Pathology]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Zinc-related disorders=== | ||
+ | *Occurs in Bullterriers and calves | ||
+ | *Resolves with zinc supplementation in calves but not dogs | ||
+ | *In dogs: | ||
+ | **Fatal acrodermatitis | ||
+ | **Lesions start between digits and on foot pads -> severe interdigital pyoderma -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|paronychia]] and [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|hyperkeratosis]] of pads | ||
+ | **May also occur on pinnae, elbows, muzzle, hocks or become generalised with [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|crusting, ulceration]] and secondary pyoderma | ||
+ | **Histologically: | ||
+ | ***Hyperkeratosis and bacterial pustular dermatitis | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Integumetary System - Developmental Pathology]] |
Revision as of 15:22, 21 February 2011
Acanthosis Nigricans
- Occurs in Dachshunds
- Bilateral axillary hyperpigmentation, lichenification, alopecia
- May be followed by secondary pyoderma or seborrhea
- Microscopically:
- Thickened epidermis by mainly acanthosis
- Hyperkeratosis
- Increased melanin in epidermis
ondary
Alopecia and Hypotrichosis
- Occurs in most species
- Bred for in some breeds, e.g. Mexican hairless dog, Sphinx cat
- May be due to decreased number of hair follicles, failure of hair growth or follicular dysplasia
- Also associated with maternal deficiency of iodine
Collagen Dysplasia
- Occurs in many species
- Very stretchy and loose skin that tears easily
- Due to variety of defects of enzyme necessary for collagen synthesis or processing
- Histologically:
- Varies depending on cause
- May appear normal
- Collagen bundles varied in shape, size and their organisation
Epidermolysis Bullosa
- Also called Red Foot Disease
- Occurs in sheep, dogs, cattle and horses
- Development of cutaneous blisters
- Varies depending on hereditary cause
- Affected animals tend not to survive
- Lesions appear at surfaces that are easily damaged, e.g. oral mucosa, feet
- Microscopically:
- Epidermal vesicular disease
- Healing displaces lesions more dorsally
- May become infected and form pustules
Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta
Hypertrichosis
- Increased hair growth
- Both congenital or hereditary
- In sheep may be caused by Border Disease virus
- Microscopically:
- Enlarged primary follicles and wool fibres
- Also accociated with maternal hyperthermia
Ichthyosis
- Inherited cutaneous disease
- Occurs in dogs and cattle
- Grossly:
- Thickened skin due to hyperkeratosis
- May crack resembling fish scales
- Increased adherence of keratocytes preventing normal desquamation
- In cattle occurs in two forms:
- Ichthiosis fetalis - fatal, stillborn calves or die within days of birth
- Ichthiosis congenita - folded and thickened skin, fissures and partial alopecia
Photosensitisation
- May be due to inherited defects
- See HERE
Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis
- Also called Pityriasis Rosea
- Occurs in pigs
- Symmetric lesions on the abdomen, loin and medial thigh
- Start as small papules covered by brown crusts
- -> lesions join and spread -> umbilicated plaques containing white centres with erythematous and scaly borders
- Similar to dermatophytosis
- Histologically:
- Epidermal hyperplasia, parakeratosis, epidermal pustules and superficial perivascular dermatitis
- For more detail see Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis
- Occurs in Bullterriers and calves
- Resolves with zinc supplementation in calves but not dogs
- In dogs:
- Fatal acrodermatitis
- Lesions start between digits and on foot pads -> severe interdigital pyoderma -> paronychia and hyperkeratosis of pads
- May also occur on pinnae, elbows, muzzle, hocks or become generalised with crusting, ulceration and secondary pyoderma
- Histologically:
- Hyperkeratosis and bacterial pustular dermatitis