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| + | *Caused by [[Candida spp.|''Candida'' spp.]] |
| − | ==Introduction==
| + | *Noramlly present on skin and in [[Alimentary System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|GI tract]] |
| − | [[File:C albicans germ tubes.jpg|200px|right|thumb|''Candida'' spp]] | + | *Immunocompromised animals may show symptoms |
| − | Candidiasis is a '''fungal infection''' caused by [[Candida spp.|''Candida'' spp.]], most commonly '''''Candida ablicans''''' that affects many species.
| + | *Usually lesions on mucous membranes and at mucocutaneous junctions |
| | + | *Grossly: |
| | + | **Exudative, papular, pustular to ulcerative dermatitis |
| | + | **Stomatitis and otitis externa may develop |
| | + | *Microscopically: |
| | + | **Spongiotic neutrophilic pustular inflammation |
| | + | **Parakeratosis |
| | + | **Ulcerations |
| | + | **Superficial exudate containing organisms |
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| − | The yeast is normally present on '''skin''' and in the [[Alimentary System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|GI tract]]. Symptoms of disease are usually only seen in '''immunocompromised''' animals following '''opportunistic''' infection. It is most common in the bird (see [[Candidiasis - Birds]]) but has also been reported in [[Candidiasis – Rabbit|rabbits]], horses, pigs, cows, sheep, cats and dogs - in particular neonates.
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| − | ==Clinical Signs==
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| − | Lesions are found on '''mucous membranes''' and at '''mucocutaneous junctions''' most commonly. The disease will usually remain '''localised''' to the mucocutaneous junctions, but on rare occasions it may spread '''systemically'''.
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| − | Gross clinical signs include:
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| − | * '''Exudative''', '''papular''', '''pustular''' to '''ulcerative dermatitis'''
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| − | * '''Raised''', '''circular white plaques''' or '''ulcers''' with overlying '''scabs'''
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| − | * '''Keratinous thickening''' of tissue
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| − | * [[Stomatitis|'''Stomatitis''']] and [[Otitis Externa - Cat and Dog|'''otitis externa''']]
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| − | Microscopically there is evidence of:
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| − | *Spongiotic neutrophilic pustular [[Inflammation|'''inflammation''']]
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| − | *'''Parakeratosis'''
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| − | *'''Ulcerations'''
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| − | *Superficial [[Exudate|'''exudate''']] containing organisms
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| − | Infection may also cause a variety of '''other clinical signs''' depending on the '''species''' and the '''site of infection''', for example [[Mastitis|mastitis]], [[Arthritis|arthritis]], [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] and general malaise.
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| − | ==Predisposing factors==
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| − | * Immunosuppressive drugs
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| − | * Immunosuppressive disease
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| − | * Indwelling urinary or intravenous catheters
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| − | * Antibiotic administration
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| − | ==Diagnosis==
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| − | Diagnosis can be confirmed via '''microscopic examination''' and '''identification of the fungus''' following a '''skin scrape''' of the lesion. The fungus should be visible after staining with a Gram, Methylene Blue or Wrights stain. It is a '''gram-positive ovoid''', '''budding yeast''' with or without '''hyphae'''. '''Culture''' of a sample in Sabourauds Dextrose agar or Blood agar should also confirm diagnosis.
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| − | ==Treatment==
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| − | '''Topical''' or '''systemic anti-fungals''' are used to treat the infection.
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| − | ==Prognosis==
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| − | Prognosis depends on both the severity of infection and the animal affected.
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| − | <big><b>
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| − | Also see:
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| − | :[[Candidiasis - Birds|Candidiasis in Birds]]
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| − | :[[Candidiasis – Rabbit|Candidiasis in Rabbits]]
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| − | </b></big>
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| − | ==References==
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| − | Merck & Co (2009) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual''' (Ninth Edition), ''Merial''
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| − | {{review}}
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| − | {{OpenPages}}
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| | [[Category:Cutaneous Mycoses]] | | [[Category:Cutaneous Mycoses]] |
| − | [[Category:Expert Review]] | + | [[Category:To Do - Fungi]] |