Difference between revisions of "Chorioptic Mange"

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== Introduction  ==
 
== Introduction  ==
  
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All species are thought to be affected by the same strain of mite [[Chorioptes bovis|''Chorioptes bovis'']].
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Chorioptes is a '''non- burrowing '''mite which resides on the skin surface
  
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== Pathogenesis  ==
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'''Hosts''': Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Horses, Rabbits
  
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Chorioptes' mouthparts do not pierce the skin and they feed on skin debris and exudate, meaning its pathogenic significance is mild.
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'''Predilection sites''': Skin- especially legs, feet (particularly heavily feathered horses), udder, abdomen and base of tail
  
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In cattle, economic significance is the main factor as infestation can cause damage to the hide by self trauma.  
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'''Life cycle''': Egg- Larvae- Nymph- Adult. This lifecycle takes around three weeks to complete. Eggs are found attached the the surface of the skin. Adults can survive off the ground for around three weeks, meaning transmission can be via bedding and housing as well as by direct contact.  
  
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== Clinical Signs  ==
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All species are thought to be affected by the same strain of mite ''Chorioptes bovis''
  
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'''Cattle and Small Ruminants'''
 
  
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The disease in these species is usually very mild and not often noticed by stockmen. Signs that are noticed include rubbing and scratching of the affected area and damage to the hide (often not seen until after slaughter).
 
  
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Typically affected areas are the base of tail, perineum and the udder, as well as legs of sheep and goats.
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== Pathogenesis ==
  
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'''Horses'''
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Chorioptes' mouthparts do not pierce the skin and they feed on skin debris and exudate, meaning is pathogenic significance is mild.
  
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The disease is more noticable in horses, with them shaking, scratching, rubbing, stamping and biting the affected areas regularly. Crusty skin lesions on the pastern, fetlock and cannon are a common manifestation as well as thickening of the skin and loss of hair in chronic cases.
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In cattle, economic significance is the main factor as infestation can cause damage to the hide by self trauma.
  
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The problem is worse in colder months and mud can exacerbate the problem to lead to exudative proliferative dermatitis with secondary bacterial infection ([[Greasy Heel|greasy heel]]) in severe cases.
 
  
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== Diagnosis  ==
 
  
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History and clinical signs are often used to make a presumptive diagnosis.
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== Clinical Signs ==
  
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A skin scraping from the edge of a fresh lesion will often demonstrate the presence of the mite under a microscope.
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<br>
  
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== Treatment  ==
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<br>
  
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Always clip the affected area.
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<br>
  
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'''There are no products currently licensed for treatment of ''Chorioptes''. The list below contains a number of products that have been reported effective'''
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Often seen in rough-legged horses with heavy feathering
  
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'''Topical'''
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*Induce crusty skin and lesions below the hocks and knees
  
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:1% Selenium sulphide shampoo - whole body shampoo
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*Mild condition in cattle
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:Fipronil (Frontline spray)  - on affected area
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**Rubbing and scratching
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**Hide damage
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**Usually affects the base of the tail, perineum and udder
  
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'''Systemic'''
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*Usually found on legs of sheep
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**Mild condition
  
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:Ivermectin, paste for horses, good to eliminate the mite in a group infestation.
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*Host-specific
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*In cattle, horses, goats
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*Caused by [[Chorioptes bovis|''Chorioptes'' spp.]]
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*Grossly:
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**Erythematous, papular, crusty lesions
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**Hairless, thickened skin
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**Areas usually affected:
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***Horses: lower hind legs
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***Cattle: lower hind legs, scrotum, perineum, tail, udder, thigh
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***Sheep: lower hind legs and scrotum
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***Goats: lower hind legs, hindquarters, abdomen
  
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Treat all in-contact animals and disinfect bedding, housing and any shared tack (horses).
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[[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical|To_Do_-_Kate]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Mite_Infections]]
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== References  ==
 
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Brown, C.M, Bertone, J.J. (2002) '''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult- Equine,''''' Lippincott, Williams; Wilkins ''
 
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Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) '''Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ecotparasites '''''Royal Veterinary College ''
 
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Lloyd, D.H, Littlewood, J.D, Craig, J.M, Thomsett, L.R. (2003)''' Practical Equine Dermatology, '''''Blackwell Science''
 
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Taylor, M.A, Coop, R.L, Wall, R.L, (2007) '''Veterinary Parasitology third edition,''''' Blackwell Science ''
 
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{{review}}
 
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{{OpenPages}}
 
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[[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Horse]][[Category:Expert Review - Farm Animal]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Mite_Infections]]
 

Revision as of 11:19, 1 March 2011

Introduction

Chorioptes is a non- burrowing mite which resides on the skin surface

Hosts: Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Horses, Rabbits

Predilection sites: Skin- especially legs, feet (particularly heavily feathered horses), udder, abdomen and base of tail

Life cycle: Egg- Larvae- Nymph- Adult. This lifecycle takes around three weeks to complete. Eggs are found attached the the surface of the skin. Adults can survive off the ground for around three weeks, meaning transmission can be via bedding and housing as well as by direct contact.

All species are thought to be affected by the same strain of mite Chorioptes bovis


Pathogenesis

Chorioptes' mouthparts do not pierce the skin and they feed on skin debris and exudate, meaning is pathogenic significance is mild.

In cattle, economic significance is the main factor as infestation can cause damage to the hide by self trauma.


Clinical Signs




Often seen in rough-legged horses with heavy feathering

  • Induce crusty skin and lesions below the hocks and knees
  • Mild condition in cattle
    • Rubbing and scratching
    • Hide damage
    • Usually affects the base of the tail, perineum and udder
  • Usually found on legs of sheep
    • Mild condition
  • Host-specific
  • In cattle, horses, goats
  • Caused by Chorioptes spp.
  • Grossly:
    • Erythematous, papular, crusty lesions
    • Hairless, thickened skin
    • Areas usually affected:
      • Horses: lower hind legs
      • Cattle: lower hind legs, scrotum, perineum, tail, udder, thigh
      • Sheep: lower hind legs and scrotum
      • Goats: lower hind legs, hindquarters, abdomen
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