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622 bytes added ,  13:04, 1 March 2011
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*Predominant losses in males  
 
*Predominant losses in males  
 
*Sudden loss in hens that have history of Artificial Insemination (A.I.) 4- 5 days previously  
 
*Sudden loss in hens that have history of Artificial Insemination (A.I.) 4- 5 days previously  
*Sudden death without clinical signs in many birds  
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*'''Sudden death '''without clinical signs in many birds  
 
*Prior to death some birds may have an unsteady gait and appear weak
 
*Prior to death some birds may have an unsteady gait and appear weak
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*Dark, purplish, swollen snoods are seen on affected males
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*'''Dark, purplish, swollen snoods''' are seen on affected males
    
<br>
 
<br>
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*'''Enlarged friable liver,''' [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]]&nbsp;and '''kidney'''&nbsp;  
 
*'''Enlarged friable liver,''' [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]]&nbsp;and '''kidney'''&nbsp;  
*Lesions concurrent with'''septicaemia '''and congestion  
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*Lesions concurrent with '''septicaemia '''and '''congestion'''
 
*Petechial haemorrhage in abdominal fat  
 
*Petechial haemorrhage in abdominal fat  
 
*Haemorrhage in heart muscle  
 
*Haemorrhage in heart muscle  
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*Culture of the organism from dead birds is&nbsp;effective, but will not produce quick&nbsp;enough results for treatment of the flock
 
*Culture of the organism from dead birds is&nbsp;effective, but will not produce quick&nbsp;enough results for treatment of the flock
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<br>
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== Prevention/ Management  ==
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*Rotate turkeys from contaminated areas
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*Disinfect equipment with 1-2% Sodium hydroxide (this has been proven to be effective against E.rhusiopathiae)
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*Ensure prompt removal of dead birds
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*Decrease stress in the flock by ensuring good husbandry at all times
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*'''Vaccination<br>'''- inactivated E. rhusiopathiae&nbsp;bacterin<br>- breeding turkeys- 2 doses, one at 16-20 weeks and the second just prior to laying<br>- meat turkeys- single dose SC
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== Prevention/ Management ==
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*Rotate turkeys from contaminated areas
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== Treatment ==
*Disinfect equipment with 1-2% Sodium hydroxide (this has been proven to be effective against E.rhusiopathiae)
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*Ensure prompt removal of dead birds
  −
*Decrease stress in the flock by ensuring good husbandry at all times
  −
*'''Vaccination<br>'''- inactivated E. rhusiopathiae&nbsp;bacterin<br>
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Prevention is better than treatment but in the case of an outbreak one should do the following:
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*Administration of&nbsp;a rapidly-acting form of penicillin is thought to be most effeciant, either&nbsp;a one-off&nbsp;I.M. injection&nbsp;or in drinking water for 4-5 days
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*Erysipelas bacterin&nbsp; (vaccine)
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== Treatment ==
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== Prognosis ==
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Poor in unvaccinated&nbsp;stock
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Good- guarded in immunised stock with mortality ranging from 1% to 50%&nbsp;
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Prevention is better than treatment but if an outbreak occurs antibiotics are necessary
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== References ==
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*Rapid-acting form of penicillin is thought to be most effeciant, either&nbsp;a one-off&nbsp;I.M. injection&nbsp;or in drinking water for 4-5 days
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Quinn, P.J., Markey, B.K., Carter, M.E., Donnelly, W.J., Leonard, F.C. (2007) Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease Blackwell Publishing&nbsp;
*Erysipelas bacterin&nbsp; (vaccine)
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== <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>&nbsp; ==
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Randall, C.J, (1985) Disease of the Domestic Fowl and Turkey, Wolfe Medical Publications<br>Saif, Y.M,&nbsp;(2008) Diseases&nbsp;of Poultry, Blackwell&nbsp;Publishing<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>&nbsp;  
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[[Category:Alimentary_Diseases_-_Birds]] [[Category:Musculoskeletal_Diseases_-_Birds]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Kate]] [[Category:Cardiovascular_Diseases_-_Birds]]
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[[Category:Alimentary_Diseases_-_Birds]] [[Category:Musculoskeletal_Diseases_-_Birds]] To_Do_-_Review [[Category:Cardiovascular_Diseases_-_Birds]]
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