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| | [[Category:Arthritis]] | | [[Category:Arthritis]] |
| − | ==Infectious arthritis== | + | ==[[Infectious Arthritis]]== |
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| − | *'''Bacterial arthritis'''
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| − | **Most common in food animals, especially young
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| − | **Portals of entry include:
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| − | ***Navel and GI tract -> bacteraemia
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| − | ***Haematogenously -> polyarthritis
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| − | ***Traumatic inoculation
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| − | ***Extension from bone or periarticular soft tissue
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| − | *'''Viral arthritis'''
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| − | **Progressive inflammatory and degenerative joint disease
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| − | **Synovitis with cartilage destruction
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| − | **Chronic mononuclear inflammatory reactions
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| − | ===In Sheep===
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| − | *[[Retroviridae|'''Maedi visna virus''']]
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| − | *Bacterial infections mostly affects lambs except for Mycoplasmal artheritis
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| − | *[[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae|'''''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae''''']]
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| − | *'''''[[Corynebacterium pyogenes]]'''''
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| − | *[[:Category:Streptococcus species|'''''Streptococcus'' spp.''']]
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| − | *[[:Category:Staphylococcus species|'''''Staphylococci''''']]
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| − | *[[:Category:Chlamydophila species|'''''Chlamydia sp.''''']]
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| − | ===In Pigs===
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| − | *[[Erysipelas - Pig|'''''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae''''']]
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| − | *'''''[[Corynebacterium pyogenes]]''''' and [[:Category:Staphylococcus species|'''''Staphylococci''''']]
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| − | *'''''[[Haemophilus suis]]'' and ''[[Haemophilus parasuis]]'''''
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| − | *'''''[[Mycoplasma hyosynoviae]]'' and ''M. hyorhinis'''''
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| − | ===In Cattle===
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| − | *Neonatal polyarthritis by:
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| − | **[[:Category:Streptococcus species|'''''Streptococcus'' spp.''']]
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| − | ***Via umbilicus
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| − | ***Also involves eyes and meninges
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| − | **[[Escherichia coli|'''''Coliforms''''']]
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| − | ***Localises in joints and meninges in severe non-fatal neonatal colibacillosis
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| − | ***May remain as chronic arthritis in larger joints
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| − | *Infections at any age:
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| − | **'''''[[Corynebacterium pyogenes]]'''''
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| − | ***Suppurative arthrtis
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| − | ***Often due to pebetrating wound into or close to joints
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| − | **[[:Category:Mycoplasmas|'''''Mycoplasma spp.''''']]
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| − | ***May be respinsible for some chronic cases but difficult to prove as hard to isolate
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| − | ***Fibrinous polyarthritis
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| − | **[[:Category:Chlamydophila species|'''''Chlamydia sp.''''']]
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| − | ***Severe disease in young calves
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| − | ***High mortality
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| − | ***Can be seen in smears of synovial fluid from swollen joints
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| − | ***Oedematous and hyperaemic surrounding tissue
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| − | ***Possibly due to intrauterine infection
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| − | **'''''[[Brucella abortus]]'''''
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| − | ***Uncommonly localises in joints
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| − | ***Usually in '''carpal bursitis (hygroma) in cattle and bursitis in horses'''
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| − | ===In Horses===
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| − | *Arthritis can occur following neonatal infections by:
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| − | **'''''[[Actinobacillus equuli]]'''''
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| − | **[[:Category:Streptococcus species|'''''Streptococcus'' spp.''']]
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| − | **[[Escherichia coli|'''''Coliforms''''']]
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| − | **[[Salmonella|'''''Salmonella''''']]
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| − | ===In Goats===
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| − | *[[Caprine Arthrirtis Encephalitis Virus]]
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| − | ===In Dogs===
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| − | *[[:Category:Staphylococcus species|'''''Staphylococci''''']]
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| − | **May cause '''discospondylitis'''
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| − | **Destructive inflammatory lesion
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| − | **Bacterial localise in ''[[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Fibrocartilagenous joints|''annulus fibrosis'']] -> may spread to local bone
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| − | [[Category:Arthritis]]
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