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* Characteristic proliferation of mucosa.
+
== Synonyms ==
* Known as PIA - porcine intestinal adenomatosis.
     −
====Clinical====
+
Porcine intestinal adenomatosis
   −
* Really only seen in the pig.
  −
** Can affect all ages of pig.
  −
* Clinical signs are variable.
  −
** Anything from poor weight gain to diarrhoea, weight loss, cachexia and death.
  −
* Seen often as problem in closed, low infection herds. 
  −
** Not seen in pigs with lots of other pathogens in guts.
     −
====Pathogenesis====
     −
* Caused by [[Lawsonia intracellularis|''Lawsonia intracellularis'']].
  −
** A spirochete that does not grow well except in tissue culture.
     −
====Pathology====
     −
* The terminal [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] are affected by proliferation of the mucosal epithelium.
+
Characteristic proliferation of mucosa.
* '''Gross'''
  −
** Thickened mucosal epithelium.
  −
** Has almost polypoid-like nodules several millimetres in diameter.
  −
** Undifferentiated epithelium replaces goblet cells.
  −
*** Appears almost neoplastic.
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* '''Histologically'''
  −
** Very similar to a virus induced proliferation.
  −
** Organisms seen in the apical part of epithelial cells lining glands of terminal [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]], [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] and [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]].
  −
** May produce mild ulceration in mucosa and mild inflammatory infiltration.
        −
* Porcine adenomatosis complex can be divided into four distinct syndromes:
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*# '''Intestinal adenomatosis'''
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*#* THe basic hyperplastic and metaplastic changes are seen in the epithelium. [[Image:porcine intestinal adenomatosis campylobacter.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Campylobacter mucosalis in intracellular porcine intestinal adenomatosis (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)]]
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*#* Causes chronic weight loss and diarrhoea.
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*# '''Necrotic enteritis'''
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*#* Predominately affects the [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] and terminal [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]].
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*#* Parts of the hyperplastic mucosa develop erosions and ulcerations.
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*#** These areas become [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]ised by ''Fusiformis'' baceria.
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*#*** Gives areas of coagulative necrosis covered by a thick diptheretic membrane.
  −
*# '''Terminal ileitis'''
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*#* Characterised by marked hypertrophic thickening of the muscular portion of the wall of the terminal [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]].
  −
*#* Gives an attendant stenosis of the lumen of the [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]].
  −
*#* There is associated thickening of the mucosa due to hypertrophy and secondary granulomatous inflammation.
  −
*#** This is presumably caused by a degree of obstruction to the passage of ingesta along the bowel caused by the mucosal hypertrophy.
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*#* Appears very similar to Johnes disease
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*#** Lots of mononuclear cells and a chronic granulomatous type of inflammation.
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*# '''Proliferative haemorrhagic syndrome'''.
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*#* The bowel shows proliferation but with ulceration and copious haemorrhage into the bowel lumen.
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*#* Animals are often be found dead.
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*#* The pathogenesis is unclear.
  −
*#** May involve a type of hypersensitivity reaction or secondary infection of some type.
     −
====Sequelae====
+
==== Clinical ====
   −
* Resolution.
+
*Really only seen in the pig.  
* Necrotic enteritis.
+
**Can affect all ages of pig.
* Secondary chronic infection (regional enteritis).
+
*Clinical signs are variable.
* Porcine haemorrhgaic enteritis (PHE).
+
**Anything from poor weight gain to diarrhoea, weight loss, cachexia and death.
 +
*Seen often as problem in closed, low infection herds.  
 +
**Not seen in pigs with lots of other pathogens in guts.
    +
==== Pathogenesis ====
   −
[[Category:Enteritis,_Proliferative]][[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Pig]][[Category:Enteritis,_Bacterial]]
+
*Caused by [[Lawsonia intracellularis|''Lawsonia intracellularis'']].
[[Category:To_Do_-_Kate]]
+
**A spirochete that does not grow well except in tissue culture.
 +
 
 +
==== Pathology ====
 +
 
 +
*The terminal [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] are affected by proliferation of the mucosal epithelium.
 +
*'''Gross'''
 +
**Thickened mucosal epithelium.
 +
**Has almost polypoid-like nodules several millimetres in diameter.
 +
**Undifferentiated epithelium replaces goblet cells.
 +
***Appears almost neoplastic.
 +
*'''Histologically'''
 +
**Very similar to a virus induced proliferation.
 +
**Organisms seen in the apical part of epithelial cells lining glands of terminal [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]], [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] and [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]].
 +
**May produce mild ulceration in mucosa and mild inflammatory infiltration.
 +
 
 +
<br>
 +
 
 +
*Porcine adenomatosis complex can be divided into four distinct syndromes:
 +
*#'''Intestinal adenomatosis'''
 +
*#*THe basic hyperplastic and metaplastic changes are seen in the epithelium. [[Image:Porcine intestinal adenomatosis campylobacter.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Campylobacter mucosalis in intracellular porcine intestinal adenomatosis (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)]]
 +
*#*Causes chronic weight loss and diarrhoea.
 +
*#'''Necrotic enteritis'''
 +
*#*Predominately affects the [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] and terminal [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]].
 +
*#*Parts of the hyperplastic mucosa develop erosions and ulcerations.
 +
*#**These areas become [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colonised]] by ''Fusiformis'' baceria.
 +
*#***Gives areas of coagulative necrosis covered by a thick diptheretic membrane.
 +
*#'''Terminal ileitis'''
 +
*#*Characterised by marked hypertrophic thickening of the muscular portion of the wall of the terminal [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]].
 +
*#*Gives an attendant stenosis of the lumen of the [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]].
 +
*#*There is associated thickening of the mucosa due to hypertrophy and secondary granulomatous inflammation.
 +
*#**This is presumably caused by a degree of obstruction to the passage of ingesta along the bowel caused by the mucosal hypertrophy.
 +
*#*Appears very similar to Johnes disease
 +
*#**Lots of mononuclear cells and a chronic granulomatous type of inflammation.
 +
*#'''Proliferative haemorrhagic syndrome'''.
 +
*#*The bowel shows proliferation but with ulceration and copious haemorrhage into the bowel lumen.
 +
*#*Animals are often be found dead.
 +
*#*The pathogenesis is unclear.
 +
*#**May involve a type of hypersensitivity reaction or secondary infection of some type.
 +
 
 +
==== Sequelae ====
 +
 
 +
*Resolution.
 +
*Necrotic enteritis.
 +
*Secondary chronic infection (regional enteritis).
 +
*Porcine haemorrhgaic enteritis (PHE).
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Enteritis,_Proliferative]] [[Category:Intestinal_Diseases_-_Pig]] [[Category:Enteritis,_Bacterial]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Kate]]
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