Difference between revisions of "Category:Cranial Nerve Examination - Horse"

Revision as of 16:06, 9 March 2011

The cranial nerves are numbered 1-12 from the most rostral to the most caudal.
A systematic examination of the cranial nerves can aid accurate identification of the site of a lesion.

Cranial nerve I is the olfactory nerve.
- Abnormalities are rarely detected in this nerve.

The hypoglossal nerve, CN XII provides motor innervation to the tongue.
Normally, a horse resists the tongue being retracted from the mouth.
- The horse will quickly return the tongue after it is pulled out to the side.
Horses with hypoglossal weakness appear differently.
- The tongue may protrude from the mouth.
- Chronic unilateral hypoglossal lesions may result in unilateral tongue atrophy.
- Bilateral hypoglossal lesions may result in difficulty prehending food.
Horses with cerebral dysfunction may have signs corresponding to tongue weakness.
- However, tongue atrophy is not present in these animals.

The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total.

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 ===[[Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Function]]===
-* The pharynx and larynx are innervated by:
-** CN IX - the glossopharyngeal nerve
-** CN X - the vagus nerve
-** CN XI - the accessory nerve
-* Pharyngeal and laryngeal function is best studied by:
-*# Observing the horse eat and swallow
-*# Endoscopy
-====Laryngeal Dysfunction====
-* Left recurrent laryngeal hemiplegia is the most common dysfunction in horses.
-** The left recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve.
-** Horses are known as "roarers".
-====Pharyngeal Dysfunction====
-* Pharyngeal paralysis in horses is commonly associated with peripheral disease.
-** Especially guttural pouch disease.
-*** Endoscopy of the guttural pouches should be therefore be performed in horses that are dysphagic.
-[[Category:Cranial Nerve Examination - Horse]]