Difference between revisions of "Melioidosis"

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(Pseudoglanders)
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{{Taxobox
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*Caused by [[Burkholderia pseudomallei|''Pseudomonas (Malleomyces) pseudomallei'']], Closely related to [[Burkholderia mallei|''P. mallei'']] in [[Equine Alimentary System  - Anatomy & Physiology|horses]]
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|name              =''Burkholderia pseudomallei''
 
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|phylum            =Proteobacteria
 
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|class              =Beta Proteobacteria
 
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|order              =Burkholderiales
 
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|family            =Burkholderiaceae
 
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|genus              =Burkholderia
 
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|species            =''B.pseudomallei''
 
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}}
 
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Also known as: '''''Pseudoglanders
 
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Caused by: '''''Burkholderia pseudomallei''''' also known as ''Pseudomonas pseudomallei — Malleomyces pseudomallei  ''
 
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[[File:Burkholderia pseudo.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center> ''Burkholderia pseudomallei'' colonies on a Blood agar plate.( Marco Tolo 2007, Wikimedia commons)</center></small>]]
 
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==Overview==
 
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''Burkholderia pseudomallei'' is a species of the ''[[Burkholderia species - Overview|Burkholderia]]'' genus. ''B.pseudomallei'' causes melioidosis, an opportunistic infection which is endemic in Asia and Australia. It primarily infects rodents.
 
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==Pathogenesis==
 
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Infection occurs via ingestion, inhalation or via skin wounds from the environment. The bacteria contains an exotoxin, dermonecrotic protease and lecithinase which is implicated in pathogenicity. Strain virulence and host immunosuppression is important. ''Burkholderia pseudomallei'' is also motile, by polar flagellae.
 
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==Diagnosis==
 
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Diagnosis of the ''B.pseudomallei'' bacteria can be made via specimens, including;  pus from abscesses, affected tissues and blood.
 
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The fluorescent antibody technique can be done on tissue smears. ''B.pseudomallei'' grows on blood agar and MacConkey agar plates, incubated aerobically. The colonies have a musty smell and you see lactose fermentation on MacConkey. Slide agglutination, ELISA,  complement fixation and indirect haemagglutination tests for serum antibodies are also all diagnostic of ''B.pseudomallei.''
 
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{{Learning
 
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|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Burkholderia+pseudomallei%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=OR&q2=%22Pseudomonas+pseudomallei%22&occuring2=title&rowId=3&options3=OR&q3=%22Malleomyces+pseudomallei%22&occuring3=title&x=31&y=15&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all ''Burkholderia pseudomallei'' publications]
 
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}}
 
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Melioidosis
 
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*Caused by [[Burkholderia pseudomallei|''Pseudomonas (Malleomyces) pseudomallei'']], Closely related to [[Burkholderia mallei|''P. mallei'']] in [[Alimentary System  - Horse Anatomy|horses]]
 
 
*Causes disease in sheep, goats and pigs, occasionally other species
 
*Causes disease in sheep, goats and pigs, occasionally other species
 
*Starts as a pyemia and localises in varius tissues, including the lung as abscessation
 
*Starts as a pyemia and localises in varius tissues, including the lung as abscessation
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[[Category:Respiratory_Bacterial_Infections]][[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Sheep]][[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Sheep]]
 
[[Category:Respiratory_Bacterial_Infections]][[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Sheep]][[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Sheep]]
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Respiratory]][[Category:To Do - Medium]]
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
 
[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Goat]][[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Goat]]
 
[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Goat]][[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Goat]]
 
[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Pig]][[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Pig]]
 
[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Pig]][[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Pig]]

Revision as of 22:03, 27 April 2011

(Pseudoglanders)

  • Caused by Pseudomonas (Malleomyces) pseudomallei, Closely related to P. mallei in horses
  • Causes disease in sheep, goats and pigs, occasionally other species
  • Starts as a pyemia and localises in varius tissues, including the lung as abscessation
    • Encapsulated abscesses contain yellow, caseous or creamy pus
  • Pathogenesis:
    • Infection via ingestion, inhalation or skin wounds from environment
    • Exotoxin, dermonecrotic protease and lecithinase implicated in pathogenicity
    • Strain virulence and host immunosuppression important
  • Clinical infections:
    • Opportunistic infection with stress and immunosuppression predisposing to disease
    • Abscesses develop in many organs including lungs, spleen, liver, joints, CNS, upper respiratory tract
    • Chronic, debilitating, progressive disease with long incubation period
    • Many animal species susceptible
    • Referred to as pseudoglanders in horses
  • Diagnosis:
    • Specimens: pus from abscesses, affected tissues, blood
    • Fluorescent antibody technique on tissue smears
    • Blood agar and MacConkey agar plates, incubated aerobically
    • Colonies have musty smell
    • Lactose fermentation on MacConkey
    • Slide agglutination
    • ELISA, complement fixation and indirect haemagglutination tests for serum antibodies
  • Treatment/control: slaughter of infected animals where exotic
  • Pneumonia and arthritis are the most common presentation
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